کمیّت و کیفیت آب کشاورزی و تأثیر آن بر تولیدات کشاورزی و پایداری سکونت‌گاه‌های روستایی (مورد مطالعه: دشت فیروزآباد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول و دانشیار گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

آ
آب عامل اصلی تضمین‌کننده پایداری نظام‌های اجتماعی-اکولوژیکی موجود در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است. با وجود این، تغییر اقلیم و مدیریت ناپایدار منابع آب موجب بروز کم‌آبی در این مناطق شده است. به‌منظور حفظ توازن میان نیاز بخش کشاورزی به آب و ظرفیت منابع هر منطقه، بررسی رابطه بین آب، تولید و جمعیت ضروری است. لذا این پژوهش با هدف واکاوی تأثیر تغییرات کمی و کیفی آب بر تولیدات کشاورزی و جمعیت روستایی در دشت فیروزآباد فارس انجام شده است. داده‌های پژوهش از طریق بانک اطلاعاتی سازمان‌های جهاد کشاورزی و آب منطقه‌ای و نیز درگاه آمار ایران گردآوری شد. یافته‌ها نشانگر کاهش شدید ظرفیت منابع آب کشاورزی است؛ اما آسیب‌پذیری آب در منطقه یکسان نبوده و می‌توان کشاورزان را به سه گروه دارای دسترسی کم، متوسط و زیاد به آب تقسیم‌بندی نمود. با این حال، تحلیل سری زمانی نشان‌دهنده این است که ادامه روند کنونی مدیریت آب مزرعه به کاهش دسترسی هر سه گروه به آب خواهد انجامید. همچنین یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون مؤید پیوند آب و تولید کشاورزی است. به‌نحوی‌که کاهش آب کشاورزی به‌همراه تنزل در میزان نزولات جوی، کاهش مصرف کود و سموم شیمیایی و همچنین ضریب مکانیزاسیون به افت میزان تولید محصولات زراعی انجامیده است. از سوی دیگر، میان آب و جمعیت روستایی نیز رابطه‌ای انکارناپذیر وجود دارد. به‌نحوی‌که تراکم جمعیت در روستاهای دارای دسترسی زیاد به آب در طول زمان افزایش یافته است. بر مبنای یافته‌ها، توصیه‌هایی برای ارتقای بهره‌وری آب، تولید و حفظ توازن آب و جمعیت ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantity and Quality of Irrigation Water and its Effects on the Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability of Rural Settlements (Case Study: Firouzabad Plain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Keshavarz 1
  • B. Ejtemaei 2
1 Corresponding Author and Associate professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Department of Geography, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Water is an important factor that ensures the sustainability of socio-ecological systems in arid and semi-arid areas. However, climate change and unsustainable management of water resources have intensified water stress in these regions. In order to maintain the balance between agriculture’s need to water and finite water resources, investigating the water, agricultural production and population interactions are necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the quantity and quality of irrigation water in the Firouzabad plain and its impacts on the agricultural productivity and rural population. Water resources and agricultural production data were obtained from the database of the Fars Regional Water and the Fars Agricultural Jahad Organizations, respectively. Also, population data was attained from the Statistical Center of Iran’s database. The results revealed significant decreases in surface and groundwater resources which led to different levels of water vulnerability, i.e. the low, moderate and high access to water resources. However, the trend analysis indicated that the continuation of the current trend of farm water management will reduce water supply for whole groups. Moreover, regression analysis confirmed the water and agricultural production interactions. Irrigation water shortage, reduction of precipitation, limited consumption of chemical inputs and low level of agricultural mechanization significantly reduced the production of annual crops. Also, the results emphasized the water-rural population nexus. The extremely unbalanced distribution of irrigation water led to significant population growth in the least water vulnerable areas. Some recommendations are offered to increase water efficiency and agricultural productivity and also sustain the fragile balance between water and population.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Renewable Water
  • Irrigation Water
  • Rural Population
  • Water Vulnerability
  • Farm Management

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