روستازیستی پایا در شهرستان تربت‌حیدریه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، پژوهشکده آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

شاید در نگاه نخست، زندگی در روستا بسیار دلپذیر و رؤیایی باشد؛ اما امروزه، عواملی همچون فقر، بیکاری، خشکسالی، کم‌آبی و راندمان پایین کشاورزی زندگی در روستا را دشوار کرده است. با وجود این شرایط سخت و نابه‌سامانی‌های زندگی روستایی، هنوز هم شماری چشمگیر از مردم در روستا مانده‌اند و مهاجرت نمی‌کنند. پژوهش حاضر، با هدف بررسی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر ماندگاری و پایداری مردم در روستا، به‌دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش است که «چرا هنوز بسیاری از مردم در روستا مانده‌اند؟». جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل خانوارهای روستایی دهستان بایگ شهرستان تربت حیدریه بود که از آن میان، به کمک رابطه کوکران، 188 خانوار به روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای و نظام‌مند تصادفی انتخاب شدند و با پرسشنامه مورد آماربرداری قرار گرفتند. متغیرهای تحقیق شامل انسجام اجتماعی، اعتماد اجتماعی، مشارکت اجتماعی، جاذبه‌های طبیعی، فرهنگی، رفاهی، اقتصادی و نیز ویژگی‌های فردی بود. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که ترکیبی از چهار عامل مهم اقتصادی، فرهنگی، طبیعی و فردی در ماندگاری مردم در روستا مؤثر است و از آن میان، کمبود بنیه اقتصادی بیشترین تأثیر را در ماندگاری و عدم مهاجرت روستاییان دارد. به هر حال، اگر به ظرفیت‌سازی، توانمندسازی و تسهیل‌گری اجتماعی با مشارکت خود روستاییان روی نیاوریم، این شرایط شکننده اجتماعی- محیطی همواره می‏تواند تصمیمات روستازیستی را تغییر دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sustainable Rurality in Torbat Heydariyeh County of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Mirzaei 1
  • M. Kolahi 2
1 MSc Student , Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Water and Environment Research Institute, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Although living in a village might be very pleasant and dreamy at first glance, it is hard and harsh because of many factors such as poverty, unemployment, drought, global warming, and low water and agricultural productivity. Despite such difficult conditions and low quality of rural life, a significant number of people remain in villages and do not migrate. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting survival, sustainability and staying of people in the villages to answer this question: Why do the rural people still remain in their villages? The statistical population included the rural households living in Bayg sub-district of Torbat Heydariyeh County, Razavi Khorasan province of Iran. Using Cochran's formula, 188 households were systematically randomly selected and surveyed via stratified sampling method by a questionnaire. The studied variables included social cohesion, social trust, social participation, and natural, cultural, welfare and economic attractions as well as individual characteristics. The study results showed that a combination of four economic, cultural, natural and individual factors affected sustainable rurality, respectively; and among these factors, lack of economic strength had the greatest impact on the persistence and non-migration of the rural people. However, the fragile social-environmental conditions could change the rural people’s decisions if we failed to engage in capacity building and social empowerment and facilitation by participation of the rural people themselves.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Migration
  • Rural Living
  • Economic Rurality
  • Urbanity
  • Bayg (Sub-district)
  • Torbat Heydariyeh (County)

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