شناسایی مولفه‌های اثرگذار بر گسترش سوء تغذیه در مناطق روستایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

3 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

5 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

عدم دسترسی به انرژی کافی و شیوع سوءتغذیه به‌دلیل تأثیر آن بر سلامتی عمومی و نیز توان جسمی و ذهنی جامعه از مهم‌ترین مسائل حوزه امنیت غذایی در کشورهای در حال توسعه است. از این‌رو، در مطالعه پیش رو، تأثیر عوامل اقتصادی و اجتماعی خانوار و همچنین، عوامل محیطی مانند خشکسالی و تنوع تولید بر گسترش سوءتغذیه در مناطق روستایی ایران بررسی شد. بدین منظور، از روش رگرسیون چندک، برآورد پانل در دوره زمانی 1391 تا 1395 صورت گرفت. نتایج برآورد حاکی از آن بود که برخی از مشخصه‌های خانوار شامل درآمد، افزایش سهم مواد غذایی در مخارج خانوار و سن سرپرست خانوار از گسترش سوءتغذیه جلوگیری می‌کنند و در مقابل، افزایش سطح تحصیلات و بعد خانوار گسترش سوءتغذیه در مناطق روستایی را به‌دنبال دارند؛ در میان عوامل محیطی نیز افزایش شدت خشکسالی و افزایش قیمت مواد غذایی باعث گسترش سوءتغذیه در این مناطق می‌شوند و از سوی دیگر، افزایش تنوع تولید مواد غذایی از گسترش سوءتغذیه جلوگیری می‌کنند. بر این اساس، با وضع معافیت مالیاتی بر درآمد‌های غیرکشاورزی در مناطق روستایی و بازتوزیع یارانه پرداختی فعلی با تمرکز بر مناطق دارای شدت بالای سوءتغذیه و همچنین، تمرکز بر خانوارهای گسترده روستایی، ارائه سیاست‌های معطوف به کاهش تأثیر خشکسالی بر تولید مواد غذایی و در نهایت، ترویج راهکارهایی که امکان افزایش تنوع تولید مواد غذایی در سطح خانوار را فراهم می‌آورد، می‌توان از گسترش بیشتر سوءتغذیه در مناطق روستایی کشور جلوگیری کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Undernourishment in Rural Areas of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • M.M. Farsi Aliabadi 1
  • M. Daneshvar Kakhki 2
  • M. Sabouhi Sabouni 3
  • A. Dourandish 4
  • H. Amadeh 5
1 PhD Student inAgricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Allame Tabatabaei, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Lack of access to adequate energy and the prevalence of undernourishment are of the most important issues in the developing world due to their impacts on public health and individual’s physical and mental abilities in society. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the impacts of drought, food production diversity and different household characteristics on the prevalence of undernourishment in rural areas of Iran. For this purpose, panel quantile regression was considered as the best technique to estimate the impacts of social and economic indicators on the prevalence of undernourishment during the period of 2012-2016. The main results indicated that among the household characteristics, increase in household income, share of food in household expenditure and age of household head and among the environmental indicators, increase in food production diversity would prevent the prevalence of undernourishment in studied rural households; on the other hand, increase in household size, education expenditure, drought severity, and food price indexes would increase the prevalence of undernourishment. Based on these results, non-agricultural income tax exemptions in the rural areas and redistribution of current subsidies by focusing on highly malnourished areas as well as focusing on large rural households, providing policies that reduce the impacts of drought on food production and ultimately, promoting the strategies that allow for increased diversification of food production at the household level could be suggested to prevent further malnutrition in the rural areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • Production Diversity
  • Panel Data
  • Quantile Regression

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