روستا و توسعه

روستا و توسعه

شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل پیش‌برنده و بازدارنده کشت کلزا در مناطق روستایی شرق استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
فاطمه فرهادی 1
فاطمه شفیعی 2
امید جمشیدی 3
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستایی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
2 نویسنده مسئول و استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
3 استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
10.30490/rvt.2024.364400.1568
چکیده
امروزه یکی از سیاست‌های اصلی دولت با توجه به واردات بالای روغن‌های خوراکی و دانه‌های روغنی به کشور، افزایش و توسعه کشت دانه‌های روغنی از جمله کلزا است. سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان مازندران نیز توسعه و افزایش کشت کلزا را به­ عنوان یکی از اهداف و اولویت‌های خود قرار داده است. ازاین‌رو هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل پیش‌برنده و بازدارنده توسعه کشت کلزا در مناطق روستایی شرق استان مازندران است. روش مطالعه ترکیبی و از نوع مطالعات توصیفی-اکتشافی است. از روش کیفی (تحلیل محتوا) برای کشف عوامل پیش‌برنده و بازدارنده (تدوین ابزار تحقیق) و از روش کمی (تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی) برای خلاصه و دسته‌بندی عوامل مذکور استفاده شده است. جامعه مورد مطالعه بخش کیفی، کارشناسان، محققان و کشاورزان پیشرو استان مازندران بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند 14 نفر گزینش و داده‌ها با استفاده از مصاحبه عمیق و نیمه ­ساختارمند تا نقطه اشباع نظری جمع‌آوری شد. جامعه آماری در بخش کمی، 3637 نفر از کلزاکاران فعال شرق استان مازندران بودند که 231 نفر از آن‌ها با استفاده از فرمول دانیل و بر اساس روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده با انتساب متناسب چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسش­نامه حاصل از مرحله کیفی استفاده شد که روایی آن توسط متخصصان تأیید شد و برای پایایی آن ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد که مقدار آن مناسب بود. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد در مجموع حدود 53/47 درصد واریانس عوامل پیش‌برنده توسعه کشت کلزا را چهار مورد شامل عوامل ترویجی- آموزشی، عوامل مزیتی- فنی، عوامل نهاده‌ای- حمایتی و عوامل تسهیل‌کننده کشت و 55/4 درصد واریانس عوامل بازدارنده توسعه کشت کلزا را نیز چهار مورد شامل ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی گیاه و عوامل اقلیمی، مشکلات اقتصادی و بازاریابی، مدیریت نامناسب مزرعه و ضعف منابع و زیرساخت‌ها و عوامل آموزشی- ترویجی تبیین کردند. با توجه به نتایج، ارائه فعالیت‌های آموزشی - ترویجی مناسب، مدیریت مناسب مزرعه و واحد تولیدی برای کشت کلزا و اجرای سیاست‌های حمایتی از جمله کمک‌های مالی برای توسعه کشت کلزا در استان مازندران پیشنهاد می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
توسعه روستایی
دانه‌های روغنی
کلزاکاران
موانع
مازندران

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

IIdentifying and Analysis of Driving and Inhibiting Factors of Rapeseed Cultivation Development in the East Rural Areas of Mazandaran Province

نویسندگان English

F. Farhadi 1
F. Shafiee 2
O. Jamshidi 3
1 MSc Student of Agricultural Extension & Education, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author and Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension & Education, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension & Education, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction
In response to the substantial reliance on imported edible oils and oilseeds, a key agenda of the government and the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad is the expansion and enhancement of oilseed cultivation, specifically focusing on rapeseed. Consequently, the Agricultural Jahad Organization of Mazandaran Province has prioritized the development and expansion of rapeseed cultivation. This study aims to identify and analysis the driving and inhibiting factors influencing the development of rapeseed cultivation in the eastern region of Mazandaran province.
Materials and Methods
This study utilized a mixed-model paradigm, incorporating descriptive-exploratory research. Data collection occurred in two phases and underwent analysis using MAXQDA Analytics Pro and SPSS software. In the qualitative phase, crucial factors affecting rapeseed cultivation were gathered through interviews with 14 experts, researchers, and leading farmers in Mazandaran province, selected through purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was designed to assess the significance of identified factors from the perspective of rapeseed growers. The sample consisted of 3637 active rapeseed farmers in the east rural areas of Mazandaran province. The sample size in this section was determined using Daniel's formula and the samples were selected based on multistage simple random sampling with proportional assignment. In this way, 231 rapeseed growers were studied.
Results and Discussion
Qualitative content analysis identified 31 variables as significant driving factors and 50 variables as major inhibiting factors for rapeseed cultivation development in Mazandaran province. The quantitative findings revealed that approximately 53.4% of the variance in factors promoting rapeseed cultivation development was explained by extension-educational factors, advantageous-technical factors, input-support factors, and cultivation-facilitating factors. Furthermore, about 55.4% of the variance in inhibiting factors was attributed to physiological characteristics and climatic factors, economic and marketing issues, inappropriate farm management, weak resources and infrastructure, and extension-educational factors.
Conclusions
Based on the results, this study proposes implementing targeted extension-educational activities, effective farm and production unit management, and supportive policies, including financial assistance, to foster the development of rapeseed cultivation in the east rural areas of Mazandaran province.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Rural Development
Oil Seeds
Rapeseed Growers
Barriers
Mazandaran
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