ارزیابی ابعاد تاب‌آوری کشاورزان روستایی در برابر خشکسالی و شناسایی راهبردهای معیشتی (مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی شهرستان شازند)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول و دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران. (astaneali@ut. ac.ir)

2 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

افزایش تاب ­آوری کشاورزان به ­منظور کاهش اثرات منفی خشکسالی بر منابع معیشتی، امری ضروری است. بهبود معیشت پایدار مردم روستایی در طی دهه­ های گذشته مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته و به­ عنوان یکی از اهداف اصلی توسعه پایدار روستایی مطرح بوده است. لذا هدف از این مطالعه بررسی و تحلیل ابعاد تاب­آوری کشاورزان و ارائه راهبردهای معیشتی در بخش مرکزی شهرستان شازند است. برای این منظور اطلاعات مورد نیاز در سال 1395 از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه از 12 روستا جمع­ آوری شد که با استفاده از نمونه­ گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای ارزیابی تاب­ آوری روستاهای مذکور از چهار بعد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، نهادی و کالبدی-زیست­محیطی بر اساس چارچوب معیشت پایدار استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد تاب ‏آوری کشاورزان در شرایط خشکسالی در ابعاد اقتصادی و نهادی، ناپایدار و در شاخص­ های کالبدی-زیست­ محیطی و اجتماعی در وضعیت پایدار قرار دارد. نتایج حاصل از روش تحلیل خوشه­ ای، پنج راهبرد معیشتی برای جبران و تاب ­آوری کشاورزان در برابر خشکسالی شامل راهبرد اول ناظر بر کشاورزی عمقی و افزایش بهره­ وری، راهبردهای دوم، سوم و چهارم بر تنوع­ بخشی به فعالیت­ های غیرکشاورزی و خانگی و در نهایت راهبرد پنجم مبتنی بر تمایل به مهاجرت شناسایی و ارائه شد. در این راستا حمایت­ دولت از کشاورزان و ارائه تسهیلات ویژه برای آن­ها در جهت کاهش آسیب­ پذیری کشاورزان و تنوع­ بخشی به فعالیت­ های کشاورزان پیشنهاد می­ شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Resilience of Rural Farmers to Drought and Identifying Livelihood Strategies (Case Study: Central Part of Shazand County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Darban Astane 1
  • F. Ghasemi 2
1 Responsible Author and Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. (astaneali@ut. ac.ir)
2 PhD Student of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Agriculture as the main source of livelihood for rural residents of the developing countries is inherently sensitive to climate variability and change. Among different climatic events, drought is frequently identified as a major threat to agricultural. In order to reduce the negative impacts of drought on livelihoods, increasing the resilience of farmers is necessary. Improving the sustainable livelihoods of rural people has received growing attention during last decades and is one of the main goals of sustainable rural development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the resilience of farmers and provide livelihood strategies in the central part of Shazand County based on random sampling of 12 villages. The aforementioned villages to assess the resilience, the four dimensions of economic, social, and institutional infrastructure based environmental were used based on the sustainable livelihood framework, was used. The findings of the study showed that the farmers' resilience to drought conditions is in unsustainable economic and institutional dimensions and in the environmental and social indicators of a stable situation. The results of cluster analysis method, five livelihood strategies for compensating and resilient farmers against drought including the first strategy for deep-seated agriculture and increasing productivity, second, third and fourth strategies for diversification into non-agricultural and domestic activities and ultimately the strategy. Fifth, based on the desire to migrate, was identified and presented.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Resilience
  • Livelihood Strategies
  • Farmers
  • Shazand County
  • Drought

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