تحلیل اثرات شیوع کووید 19 بر وضعیت اقتصاد روستایی شهرستان نهبندان در استان خراسان جنوبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول و استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران. (y.mohammadi@basu.ac.ir)

2 دانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

3 کارشناسی ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

شیوع ناگهانی کووید 19، بخش‌های مختلف اقتصاد هر کشور به­ ویژه بخش کشاورزی را شدیداً متأثر نموده و اختلالات گسترده‏ ای در سیستم‏ های غذایی، صادرات و واردات کالاها و تولید محصولات کشاورزی ایجاد کرده که ضرورت شناسایی این اثرات در راستای سازگاری و مقابله با آنها را نشان می‌دهد. این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل اثرات شیوع کووید 19 بر وضعیت اقتصاد روستایی شهرستان نهبندان در استان خراسان جنوبی انجام شد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق، بهره‌برداران کشاورزی شهرستان نهبندان بودند که 232 خانوار کشاورز با محاسبه فرمول کوکران به­ عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌گیری به روش چندمرحله‌ای در سطح شهرستان و تصادفی در سطح روستاها، و جمع ­آوری اطلاعات با ابزار پرسشنامه انجام شد. تحلیل داده ­‏ها با رهیافت تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تولید، عرضه و تقاضای محصولات کشاورزی در اثر شیوع ویروس کرونا کاهش یافته است. در مقابل، قیمت خرید نهاده‌های کشاورزی، قیمت فروش محصولات، دستمزد نیروی کار و اجاره‌بهای زمین کشاورزی افزایش یافته که بیانگر افزایش هزینه‌ها در بخش کشاورزی است. از سوی دیگر، دسترسی به نهاده‌های کشاورزی مانند ماشین‌آلات و به­ ویژه نیروی کار کشاورزی بسیار کم شده که زمان کاشت و برداشت محصولات کشاورزی را طولانی‌تر کرده ‌است. همچنین، درآمد کشاورزی و حتی غیرکشاورزی کاهش یافته و در کنار افزایش هزینه‌ها و مخارج زندگی و افزایش بیکاری منجر به کاهش رفاه و معیشت خانوارهای روستایی شده است. پیشنهاد می‌شود در راستای حمایت از کشاورزان در زمان شیوع بیماری، بسته‌های حمایتی اعتباری و آموزشی توسط دولت و مسئولین ارائه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Effects of Covid-19 Outbreak on the Rural Economy of Nehbandan County in South Khorasan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Y. Mohammadi 1
  • Z. Asadpourian 2
  • H. Ghayeni Sabegh 3
1 Corresponding Author and Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. (y.mohammadi@basu.ac.ir)
2 PhD Student of Agriculture Development, Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
3 MSc of Agricultural Extension, Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 has severely affected different sectors of the economy of each country, especially the agricultural sector, and has caused widespread disruptions in food systems, exports and imports of goods and agricultural production which shows the necessity to study these effects in order to adapt and deal with them. The study was aimed to analyze the effects of coronavirus outbreak on the rural economy of Nehbandan county in South Khorasan province. The statistical population of the study was all farmers in Nehbandan county which by calculating the Cochran's formula, about 232 farmers’ households were determined as the sample population. To select cases through the county, the multi-stage sampling and among villages, random sampling was used and data collection was done through a questionnaire. Data analysis was done through exploratory factor analysis approach. The results showed that due to the outbreak of Corona virus, both supply and demand for agricultural products have decreased. In contrast, the purchase price of agricultural inputs, the selling price of products, labor wages and rents of agricultural land have increased, which indicates the increase in agricultural costs. On the other hand, the access to agricultural inputs such as machinery and especially agricultural labor has been greatly reduced, which has increased the time of planting and harvesting. Furthermore, agricultural and even non-agricultural incomes have decreased and along with increasing in living expenses and unemployment, have led to a decrease in the welfare and livelihood of rural households. It is suggested that government and officials provide credit and training packages to support farmers during the outbreak of the covid-19.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Covid-19 Outbreak
  • Effects
  • Rural Economy
  • Agricultural Supply and Demand
  • Nehbandan County

مراجع

  1. Abdelhedi, I.T. and Zouari, S.Z. (2020). Agriculture and food security in North Africa: A theoretical and empirical approach. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 11(1): 193-210. doi: 10.1007/s13132-018-0528-y.
  2. Anthem, P. (2020). Risk of hunger pandemic as COVID-19 set to almost double acute hunger by end of 2020. World Food Program. Available at https://insight.wfp.org/covid-19-will-almost-double-people-inacute-hunger-by-end-of-2020-59df0c4a8.
  3. Basso, B. and Antle, J. (2020). Digital agriculture to design sustainable agricultural systems. Nature Sustainability, 3(4): 254-256. doi: 10.1038/s41893-020-0510-0
  4. Buxton, D.R. (1996). Quality-related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 59(1-3): 37-49.
  5. Cortignani, R., Carulli, G. and Dono, G. (2020). COVID-19 and labour in agriculture: Economic and productive impacts in an agricultural area of the Mediterranean. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 15(2): 172-181. doi:10.4081/ija.2020.1653.
  6. Gatiso, T.T., Ordaz-Németh, I., Grimes, T., Lormie, M., Tweh, C., Kühl, H.S. Junker, J. (2018). The impact of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic on agricultural production and livelihoods in Liberia. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 12(8): e0006580. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006580.
  7. Helm, D. (2020). The environmental impacts of the coronavirus. Environmental and Resource Economics, 76(1): 21-38. doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00426-z.
  8. Hua, J. and Shaw, R. (2020). Corona virus (Covid-19) “infodemic” and emerging issues through a data lens: The case of china. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7): 2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072309.
  9. (2015). Global evidence on inequities in rural health protection. New data on rural deficits in health coverage for 174 countries [online]. doi: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/--- soc_sec/documents/publication/wcms_383890.pdf.
  10. (2019). Extending social protection to the rural economy. Geneva. doi: (also available at https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/--- sector/documents/publication/wcms_437192.pdf).
  11. Jámbor, A., Czine, P. and Balogh, P. (2020). The impact of the coronavirus on agriculture: First evidence based on global newspapers. Sustainability, 12(11): 4535. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114535.
  12. Kogo, B.K., Kumar, L. and Koech, R. (2021). Climate change and variability in Kenya: A review of impacts on agriculture and food security. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(1): 23-43.
  13. Lopez-Ridaura, S., Barba-Escoto, L., Reyna, C., Hellin, J., Gerard, B. and Van Wijk, M. (2019). Food security and agriculture in the Western Highlands of Guatemala. Food Security, 11(4): 817-833. doi: 10.1007/s12571-019-00940-z.
  14. Meuwissen, M.P.M, Feindt, P.H., Spiegel, A., Termeer, C.J.A.M, Mathijs, E., Mey, Y.D., Finger, R., Balmanng, A., Wautersh, E., Urquharti, J., Viganii, M., Zawalińskaj, K., Herrerak, H., Nicholas-Daviesl, P., Hanssonm, H., Paasa, W., Slijpera, T., Coopmanse, I., Vroegef, W., Ciechomskaj, A., Accatinoo, F., Kopainskyk, B., Poortvlietb, P.M., Candeld, J.J.L., Mayei, D., Severinip, S., Sennip, S., Sorianoq, B., Lagerkvistm, C.J., Penevar, M., Gavrilescus, C. and Reidsma, P. (2019). A framework to assess the resilience of farming systems. Agricultural Systems, 176: 1-10.
  15. Momeni, F., Dashtabani, S. and Bannouei, A.A. (2017). The importance of agriculture in maintaining the socio-economic balance of Iranian urban and rural structure. Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, 4: 17-46. (persian)
  16. Mueller, J.T., McConnell, K., Burow, P.B., Pofahl, K., Merdjanoff, A.A. and Farrell, J. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(1). 2019378118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2019378118.
  17. Najafi Alamdarlou, H. and Yunsian, A. (2020). About dealing with the spread of the corona virus (27), examining the economic effects of the spread of the virus Corona on the agricultural sector of Iran, Deputy of Infrastructure Research and Manufacturing Affairs, Office of Infrastructure Studies, Majlis Research Center. (Persian)
  18. (2020). COVID-19 and the food and agriculture sector: Issues and policy responses,.
  19. Phillipson, J., Gorton, M., Turner, R., Shucksmith, M., Aitken-McDermott, K., Areal, F., Cowie, P., Hubbard, C., Maioli, C., McAreavey, R., Souza-Monteiro, D., Newbery, R., Panzone, L., Rowe, F. and Shortall, S. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and its implications for rural economies. Sustainability, 12(10): 3973. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103973.
  20. Sahoo, P.P. and Rath, S. (2020). Potential impact of corona virus on agriculture sector. Biotica Research Today, 2(4): 64-65.
  21. (2017). Excerpts from the results of the labor force survey 2017, Statistics Center of Iran. (Persian)
  22. Scripps Research. (2020). The COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic has a natural origin, scientists say, Available at The COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic has a natural origin, scientists say | Scripps Research.
  23. Seleiman, M.F., Selim, S., Alhammad, B.A., Alharbi, B.M. and Juliatti, F.C. (2020). Will novel coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic impact agriculture, food security and animal sectors? Bioscience Journal, 36(4): 1315-1326.
  24. Tamru, S., Hirvonen, K. and Minten, B. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on vegetable value chains in Ethiopia. IFPRI book chapters, 81-83.
  25. Willy, D.K., Diallo, Y., Affognon, H., Nang’ayo, F., Waithaka, M. and Wossen, T. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: Impacts on agriculture and emerging policy responses for adaptation and resilience building. TAAT Policy Compact Working Paper NO. WP01/2020.
  26. (2014). The socio-economic impacts of Ebola in Liberia: Results from a high frequency cell phone survey. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
  27. (2018). doi: https://data.worldbank.org.
  28. (2020). World development indicators: Sustainable energy for all [online]. doi: http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/3.13.
  29. Zhang, S., Wang, S., Yuan, L., Liu, X. and Gong, B. (2020). The impact of epidemics on agricultural production and forecast of COVID-19. China Agricultural Economic Review. 12(3): 409-425.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار