توسعة مدل کارآفرینی روستایی در ایران از طریق مطالعة نقش میانجی توانمندسازی روستاییان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی کارآفرینی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

2 نویسندة مسئول و استادیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، گروه مدیریت، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه کارآفرینی سازمانی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه، صاحب‏نظران و نهادهای توسعه، کارآفرینی روستایی را مداخله ‏ای راهبردی برای ارتقای توسعه روستایی و تسریع در روند آن می‏ دانندکه نقشی مهم در کاهش فقر و توسعه عدالت اجتماعی و نیز ایجاد فرصت‏ های شغلی فراوان برای روستاییان دارد. بر این اساس،  مطالعة حاضر، با هدف توسعه کارآفرینی روستایی، در پی پاسخ بدین پرسش بود که «چگونه می‏توان از طریق مطالعه نقش میانجی توانمندسازی روستاییان، موجب بهبود عملکرد زیست ‏بوم و توسعه کارآفرینی در فضای روستایی کشور ایران شد؟». پژوهش کاربردی حاضر، با بهره‏ گیری از روش کمی و راهبرد مدل‏سازی معادلات ساختاری، به روش حداقل مربعات جزیی با رویکرد PLS انجام شد. گردآوری داده ‏های پژوهش از طریق تکمیل 102 پرسشنامه محقق‏ ساخت روا و پایا با روش نمونه‏ گیری خوشه‏ ای در بازه زمانی 1399-1398 صورت گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که دو جریان توانمندساز شناختی شامل توانمندسازهای فردی، گروهی و بنگاهی و جریان توانمندساز عاطفی یا روان‏شناختی با تأثیرپذیری از ابعادی همچون رفع موانع و بهبود محیط کسب‏ و‏کار روستایی، حمایت و پشتیبانی از کسب ‏و‏کارهای روستایی، طرح و برنامه روستایی، و اهداف و ارزش‏های کارآفرینی روستایی، می ‏توانند منجر به توسعه کارآفرینی روستایی با شاخص ‏هایی همچون ایجاد و یا حفظ و توسعه کسب‏ و‏کارهای روستایی و یا کارآفرینی اجتماعی روستایی شوند. در پایان، بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، چند پیشنهاد کاربردی از جمله آگاهی ‏افزایی در خصوص مؤلفه‏ های توانمندساز در سه سطح فرد، گروه و بنگاه به کسب ‏و‏کارهای روستایی، نقش ‏آفرینی مربیان و مرشدان کسب‏ و‏کارهای روستایی، نقش ‏آفرینی ‏های چندگانه دولت کارآفرین و نقش ‏آفرینی کلیدی و حیاتی جوامع محلی ارائه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Development of Rural Entrepreneurship Model by Studying the Mediating Role of Rural Empowerment

نویسندگان [English]

  • shahnam Zandieh 1
  • Asghar Sarafizadeh 2
  • َAkbar Alem Tabrizi 3
  • Kamal Sakhdari 4
1 PhD Student in Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author and Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Department of Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Organizational Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Today, experts and development institutions consider rural entrepreneurship as a strategic intervention to promote rural development and accelerate its process, which has an important role in reducing poverty and developing social justice as well as creating many job opportunities for rural people. Accordingly, this study aimed mainly at developing rural entrepreneurship. For this purpose, it sought to answer the question: How can we improve the ecological performance and development of entrepreneurship in rural Iran by studying the mediating role of rural empowerment? The present applied research, using quantitative method with a structural equation modeling strategy, was performed by partial least squares (PLS) method and approach. The required data were collected through 102 valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaires by cluster sampling method in the period 2019-2020. The results showed that two streams of cognitive empowerment including individual, group and enterprise empowerment and emotional or psychological empowerment stream with the impact of dimensions such as removing barriers and improving the rural business environment, supporting rural businesses, rural plans and programs, and the goals and values ​​of rural entrepreneurship can lead to the development of rural entrepreneurship with indicators such as the creation or maintenance of rural businesses or rural social entrepreneurship. Finally, based on the study findings, some practical suggestions, including raising awareness about empowerment components at three levels of individual, group and enterprise to rural businesses, the role of educators and mentors of rural businesses, the multiple roles of the entrepreneurial government and the key and vital role of local communities were presented.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rural Entrepreneurship Development
  • Cognitive Empowerment
  • Psychological Empowerment
  • Rural Entrepreneurship Development Ecosystem

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روستا و توسعه
دوره 24، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 96
اردیبهشت 1401
صفحه 141-170

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