روستا و توسعه

روستا و توسعه

اثرات بازارچه‌های مرزی بر توسعه مناطق مرزی (مورد مطالعه: بازارچه مرزی میلک و میرجاوه، استان سیستان و بلوچستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مسعود سامیان 1
مرضیه اسفندیاری 2
1 پژوهشگر پسا دکتری، گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.
10.30490/rvt.2025.367487.1685
چکیده
ایجاد بازارچه‌های مرزی از شناخته‌ترین روش‌های توسعه مناطق مرزنشین است. با توجه به اهمیت تجارت و بازرگانی به‌عنوان موتور محرکه رشد اقتصادی، بازارچه‌های مرزی نهادهایی هستند که عملکرد مطلوب آن‌ها زمینه‌ساز تعادل­بخشی فضایی و افزایش عدالت توزیعی و توسعه بین مناطق می‌شود. بنابراین، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثرات بازارچه‌های مرزی بر توسعه مناطق مرزی انجام شد. تحقیق حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی، ازنظر امکان کنترل متغیرها از نوع میدانی و از لحاظ ماهیت از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی – پیمایشی است. درواقع مطالعه حاضر، پژوهشی توصیفی از نوع اکتشافی و تأییدی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، خانوارهای مناطق تحت پوشش بازارچه­ های مرزی (محدوده 20 کیلومتری بازارچه) هستند. انتخاب نمونه براساس روش نمونه ­گیری تصادفی انتسابی و به روش نظام ­مند صورت گرفت و 227 خانوار از محدوده بازارچه میلک و 173 خانوار از محدوده بازارچه مرزی میرجاوه انتخاب شدند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان داد که چهار عامل کلیدی (سیاسی و امنیتی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، و فضایی و کالبدی) به ‏عنوان اثرات بازارچه‌های مرزی بر توسعه مناطق مرزی در دو بازارچه مورد بررسی تأثیرگذار است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مرتبه اول نیز مدل نظری تحقیق را تأیید نمود. همچنین نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مرتبه دوم نشان داد که در بین بارهای عاملی مرتبه دوم، سازه سیاسی و امنیتی (0/89) بیشترین تأثیر، و سپس به ­ترتیب سازه اقتصادی (0/49)، سازه اجتماعی و فرهنگی (0/38)، و سازه فضایی و کالبدی (0/33) کمترین تأثیر را روی سازه اصلی دارند. بر مبنای یافته‌های تحقیق، بازارچه‌های مرزی بیشترین تأثیری که در توسعه مناطق مرزی داشته‌اند در خصوص مسائل سیاسی و به­ خصوص امنیتی بوده و در سایر حوزه‌ها و به­ طور مشخص عوامل اقتصادی و اجتماعی تأثیر چندانی نداشته است. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود برای افزایش تأثیر بازارچه‌های مرزی، به مردم بومی اجازه فعالیت تجاری بیشتری داده شود و امتیازات قانونی ویژه‌ای برای حمایت از دادوستد و فعالیت تجاری آنان در نظر گرفته شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بازارچه‌های مرزی
توسعه مناطق مرزی
توسعه روستایی
میلک و میرجاوه
سیستان و بلوچستان.
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Impact of Border Markets on the Development of Border Regions (Case Study: The Milak and Mirjaveh Border Markets, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran)

نویسندگان English

M. Samian 1
M. Esfandiari 2
1 Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction
The establishment of border markets is among the most recognized methods for developing border regions. Considering the importance of trade and commerce as the engine of economic growth, border markets are institutions whose optimal performance lays the groundwork for spatial balance, increased distributive justice, and inter-regional development.
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of border markets on the development of border regions. In terms of objective, it is an applied research; regarding the ability to control variables, it is a field study; and concerning its nature, it is a descriptive-survey research. In essence, the present study is descriptive research of an exploratory and confirmatory nature. The statistical population of the study consists of households in the areas covered by border markets (within a 20-kilometer radius of the markets), who were selected based on an assigned random sampling method and systematically. Accordingly, 227 households from the vicinity of the Milak border market and 173 households from the vicinity of the Mirjaveh border market were selected.
Results and Discussion
The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed that four key factors (political-security, economic, socio-cultural, and spatial-physical) significantly affect the impact of border markets on the development of border regions in the two studied markets. Furthermore, the results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the theoretical model of the research. Additionally, the results of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis indicated that among the second-order factor loadings, the political-security construct (0.89) had the greatest impact, followed in descending order by the economic construct (0.49), the socio-cultural construct (0.38), and the spatial-physical construct (0.33) on the main construct (the effects of border markets on border region development).
Conclusions
Based on the research findings, it was determined that the primary impact of border markets on the development of border regions has been in the political and particularly security domains, with limited effect observed in other areas, especially the economic and social factors of these regions. Therefore, it is recommended that to enhance the influence of border markets, greater permission for commercial activities be granted to the local population, and special legal privileges be established to support their trade and commercial endeavors.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Border Markets
Border Region Development
Rural Development
Milak and Mirjaveh
Sistan and Baluchestan
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