روستا و توسعه

روستا و توسعه

از پراکندگی تا هم‌افزایی: ارائه مدل شبکه‌سازی راهبردی کسب‌وکارهای روستایی با استفاده از روش گراندد تئوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
محمد لعلی 1
مرتضی رجوعی 2
سید مرتضی غیور باغبانی 3
1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی، مدیریت سیاست‌گذاری بازرگانی، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا علیه السلام، مشهد، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام رضا علیه‌السلام، مشهد، ایران.
3 استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا علیه السلام، مشهد، ایران.
10.30490/rvt.2025.367486.1686
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف طراحی مدل شبکه‌سازی راهبردی کسب‌وکارهای روستایی در ایران با رویکردی کیفی و مبتنی بر نظریه داده‌بنیاد انجام شده است. این نظریه به‌طور خاص برای کشف فرایندها، تعاملات اجتماعی، و راهبردهای کنشگران طراحی شده است. ازآنجاکه شبکه‌سازی راهبردی دقیقاً نوعی فرایند تعامل اجتماعی و اقتصادی میان کنشگران است، پس این روش می‌تواند به‌خوبی به شناسایی مراحل، شرایط و پیامدهای آن بپردازد که به‌صورت روش‌شناختی و راهبردی برای نظریه‌پردازی از داده‌های کیفی استخراج شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۱۹ مشارکت‌کننده شامل اساتید و صاحب‌نظران دانشگاهی، مالکان، مدیران و فعالان موفق در حوزه کسب‌وکارهای روستایی در سال‌های 1403-1404 گردآوری و با کدگذاری سه‌مرحله‌ای باز، محوری و انتخابی، شش مؤلفه کلیدی شامل شرایط علّی، پدیده محوری، شرایط زمینه‌ای، شرایط مداخله‌گر، راهبردها و پیامدها استخراج و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که شرایط علّی نظیر ظرفیت‌ها و قابلیت‌های توسعه‌ای کسب‌وکارهای روستایی و چالش‌ها و موانع بهره‌برداری از ظرفیت‌های موجود آن، در کنار شرایط زمینه‌ای چون بسترهای اجتماعی، فرهنگی و ساختاری روستاها، و شرایط مداخله‌گر مانند شاخص‌ها و بسترهای پایداری و نفوذپذیری در شبکه‌سازی کسب و کارها، بر فرایند شبکه‌سازی اثرگذارند. راهبردهای شناسایی ‌شده شامل توسعه زیرساخت‌ها، آموزش و توانمندسازی و ایجاد اکوسیستم نوآوری و همکاری­ های شبکه‌ای در کسب و کارهای روستایی است که پیامدهایی همچون افزایش تاب‌آوری اقتصادی، ارتقای رقابت‌پذیری و تقویت انسجام اجتماعی را برای روستاها به همراه خواهد داشت. این مؤلفه‌ها بخشی از سازوکار تحقق شبکه‌سازی راهبردی هستند، نه پدیده‌هایی مستقل از آن. ازاین­ رو، مدل دارای انسجام نظری و ارتباط مفهومی قوی با پدیده‌ مرکزی است و فرایند گذار کسب‌وکارهای روستایی از پراکندگی به هم‌افزایی از طریق شبکه‌سازی راهبردی را به‌صورت نظام‌مند تبیین می‌کند. بر این اساس می‌توان گفت که شبکه‌سازی راهبردی، نه‌تنها پاسخی به چالش‌های موجود در محیط‌های روستایی است، بلکه زمینه‌ساز ارتقای بهره‌وری، کاهش هزینه‌ها، توسعه بازار و در نهایت پیشرفت اقتصادی این مناطق نیز به شمار می ­رود. مدل ارائه‌شده، چارچوبی مفهومی برای تحلیل و تقویت فرآیند شبکه‌سازی راهبردی کسب‌وکارهای روستایی فراهم می‌سازد و می‌تواند به‌عنوان الگویی کارآمد در برنامه‌ریزی پیشرفت روستایی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
شبکه‌سازی راهبردی
کسب‌وکار روستایی
هم‌افزایی
سرمایه اجتماعی
پیشرفت محلی.
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

From Fragmentation to Synergy: Presenting a Strategic Networking Model for Rural Businesses Using the Grounded Theory Method

نویسندگان English

M. Laaly 1
M. Rojui 2
S.M. Ghayoor Baghbani 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Business Management, Trade Policy Management, Department of Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction
This study aims to design a paradigmatic model of strategic networking for rural businesses in Iran, addressing the growing need for sustainable economic development in rural areas. Given the fragmented nature of rural enterprises and their challenges in accessing markets, resources, and innovation ecosystems, strategic networking can act as a transformative mechanism. The study is grounded in a qualitative approach, focusing on understanding the underlying conditions, processes, and consequences of business networking in rural settings.
Materials and Methods
The research was conducted using the grounded theory methodology. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 19 participants, including university experts, rural business owners, managers, and successful practitioners in the rural enterprise domain during 2024–2025. The data analysis followed a three-stage coding process—open, axial, and selective coding. Through this process, six main components of the paradigmatic model were identified: causal conditions, central phenomenon, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences.
Results and Discussion
The findings reveal that causal conditions such as the developmental capacities of rural businesses and barriers to utilizing existing potentials, along with contextual factors like the social, cultural, and structural characteristics of rural communities, and intervening conditions such as sustainability indicators and permeability of networking platforms, play significant roles in shaping strategic networking processes. Identified strategies include the development of infrastructure, education and empowerment, and the creation of innovation ecosystems and network-based collaborations. These strategies lead to positive outcomes, including enhanced economic resilience, improved competitiveness, and strengthened social cohesion in rural communities. The study emphasizes that strategic networking is not only a response to existing rural challenges but also a foundation for productivity enhancement, cost reduction, market development, and ultimately, rural economic advancement.
Conclusions
The proposed paradigmatic model offers a comprehensive conceptual framework for analyzing and strengthening the strategic networking process in rural businesses. It can serve as a practical model for rural development planning. The study underlines the importance of localizing networking models, integrating social capital with emerging technologies, and aligning strategies with the unique conditions of rural communities. In addition, theoretical implications are discussed in light of existing literature, and future research directions are proposed to further refine and contextualize the model.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Strategic Networking
Rural Business
Synergy
Social Capital
Local Development
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