Villages Originating From the Settlement of Nomads and Their Challenges in Iran

     In order to carry out spatial planning and achieve development , all urban, rural and nomad habitats should be addressed specifically. Among these, nomad community has a special status due to its deprivation and difficult living conditions. This has been the justification for attempts to organize the nomad community after the revolution particularly in the second development plan. One of the most important arguments which has normally received the attentions of many policy makers and planners has been to settle down nomad communities. This strategy started in the reign of first Pahlavi with a political inclination and continued to the fourth development plan with a sustainable development inclination which led to villages or centres that were formed spontaneously or exogenously, and insufficient attention to them will cause financial losses as well as a departure from spatial systematization. Studies show that this policy has emanated from views such as social change, modernization, basic needs provision, environmental protection and sustainable development, and in each period, outreach of services, and creation of settlement conditions has been carried out in accordance with the dominating strategy and perspective. A point worth considering is that these villages encounter challenges such as feeble cooperation among executive bodies involved in the settlement, inability to manage the villages, low participation of people in settlement process. If the intention is to provide a sustainable socio-economic and environmental base for these centres, it is necessary to have plans that reduce or omit these challenges effectively.