New Attitude towards Rural Management with an Emphasis on Effective Institutions

          Management is the most important factor in vitality, growth, decline and death of a community; it also controls the path of movement from existing to ideal situation. Villages are specific places that the modes of activity and life in them differ considerably from cities, thus they require a management pattern different from city and one which is consistent with socio-economic and ecological conditions of a village. A historical review of the management and planning trends reveals that market and state inefficiency is the main reason for their failures during the last decades. In recent decades rural planners and decision makers, on one hand, have reached to this conclusion that to achieve sustainable development local community should be present besides the state and the market. On the other hand, a change in management style calls for a new look at the role of effective institutions in village. The dynamics of rural community cannot permit the application of a predetermined prescription in the absence of participation of people, state and market in policy making, planning and management process. Thus, rural planning and management process requires the achievement of an equilibrium, called participatory management, for all the effective powers involved. The goal of this study, on one hand, is to find a style of management which is consistent with village environment, and on the other hand is the establishment of a reasonable interaction between local and non local forces for a more appropriate planning. The main research theme is whether participatory management can lead to the formation of an appropriate mix of actors in rural management scene. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical and based on library research .