Developing strategies for reducing pollution and emissions at farm level

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 MSc Graduate of Agricultural Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics, Shiraz University, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics, Shiraz University, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics, Shiraz University, Iran

Abstract

Production process including agricultural production plays a significant role for some pollutants like Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O), leading to the necessity of supplying safe drinking water in rural areas due to pollutants leakage to water resources. Thus, in addition to the policies at the agricultural sector level, other measures should be taken at the farm level. In this context, the current study aims to develop strategies in order to mitigate pollutants emissions emitted from agricultural activities. The possible strategies to dampen the pollutants emissions at farm level were developed based on the current literature and the survey implemented throughout the selected experts in Fars province. The survey was conducted to provide information to rank the strategies. The strategies were ranked using FAHP and TOPSIS techniques. Based on the results, for both agronomy and horticultural, and husbandry activities, effectiveness and cost were ranked more important, assigning three-fourth of the total weight. The results obtained for strategies ranking revealed that for activities in agronomy and horticultural subsector, the prioritized strategies are agricultural machinery and equipment management, plant residue management and managerial activities in general at the farm level. For the husbandry activities, manure scraping method and the animal housing management were ranked with higher importance followed by alteration in animal feed diet.

Keywords

References

  • Adegbeye, M.J., Ravi Kanth Reddy, P., Obaisi, A.I., Elghandour, M.M.M.Y., Oyebamiji, K.J., Salem, A.Z.M., Morakinyo-Fasipe, O.T., Cipriano-Salazar, M. and Camacho-Díaz, L.M. (2020). Sustainable agriculture options for production, greenhouse gasses and pollution alleviation, and nutrient recycling in emerging and transitional nations- An overview. Journal of Cleaner Production, 242: 118319.
  • Al-Kaisi, M.M. and Yin, X. (2005). Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon and carbon dioxide emission in corn-soybean rotations. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34 (2): 437-445.
  • Baumann, M., Gasparri, I., Piquer-Rodríguez, M., Pizarro, G.G., Griffiths, P., Hostert, P. and Kuemmerle, T. (2017). Carbon emissions from agricultural expansion and intensification in the Chaco. Global Change Biology, 23(5): 1902-1916.
  • Cassel, T., Trzepla-Nabaglo, K. and Flocchini, R. (2003). PM10 emission factors for harvest and tillage of row crops. 12 th International Emission Inventory Conference. University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Central Bank of Iran (2017). Available at: http://tsd.cbi.ir/Display/Content.aspx
  • Chang, D.Y. (1996). Application of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP. European Journal of Operational Research, 95(3): 649-655.
  • Chen, W., Meng, J., Han, X., Lan, Y. and Zhang, W. (2019). Past, present, and future of biochar. Biochar, 1: 75-87.
  • Dalir, Z. (2018). Determinants and management of forest and rangeland fires in Fars province. Master Thesis of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University. (Persian)
  • Dumortier, J., Dokoohaki, H., Elobeid, A., Hayes, D. J., Laird, D. and Miguez, F. E. (2020). Global land-use and carbon emission implications from biochar application to cropland in the United States. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258: 120684.
  • (2017). Avilabale at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home.
  • Farajzadeh, Z. (2012). Environmental and welfare impacts of trade and energy policy reforms in Iran. PhD Thesis of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University. (Persian)
  • Farajzadeh, Z. and Bakhshoodeh, M. (2015). Economic and environmental analyses of Iranian energy subsidy reform using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model. Energy for Sustainable Development, 27: 147-154.
  • Fischer, G., Winiwarter, W., Ermolieva. T., Cao, G.Y. and Qui, H. (2010). Integrated modeling framework for assessment and mitigation of nitrogen pollution from agriculture: Concept and case study for China. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 136 (1–2): 116–124.
  • Ghodsipoor, H. (2005). Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Tehran: Amirkabir University Publications. (Persian)
  • Gogus, O. and Boucher, T.O. (1998). Strong transitivity, rationality and weak monotonicity in fuzzy pairwise comparisons. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 94(1): 133-144.
  • Huang, X., Song, Y., Li, M., Li, J., Huo, Q., Cai, X., Zhu, T., Hu, M. and Zhang, H. (2012). A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory in China. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 26 (1): GB1030.
  • Iran’s Energy Balance (2014). Deputy of Electricity and Energy Affairs, Ministry of Energy. Avilabale at: http://pep.moe.org.ir.
  • Iranian Ministry of Agriculture (2008). Available at: https://www.maj.ir/Index.aspx?page_=form&lang=1&PageID=11583&tempname=amar&sub=65&methodName=ShowModuleContent.
  • Johnson, R.A. and Wichern, D.W. (2014). Applied multivariate statistical analysis (Vol. 6). UK: Pearson London.
  • Kumara, T.M.K., Kandpal, A. and Pal, S. (2020). A meta-analysis of economic and environmental benefits of conservation agriculture in South Asia. Journal of Environmental Management, 269: 110773.
  • Kurttila, M., Pesonen, M., Kangas, J. and Kajanis, M. (2000). Utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in SWOT analysis: A hybrid method and its application to a forest certification case. Forest Policy and Economics, 1: 41-52.
  • Landau, S., and Everitt, B.S. (2003). A handbook of statistical analyses using SPSS. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • Lelieveld, J., Evans, J.S., Fnais, M., Giannadaki, D. and Pozzer, A. (2015). The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale. Nature, 525: 367-371.
  • Ma, S.Z. and Feng, H. (2013). Will the decline of efficiency in China's agriculture come to an end? An analysis based on opening and convergence. China Economic Review, 27: 179–190.
  • McNunn, G., Karlen, D.L., Salas, W., Rice, C.W., Mueller, S., Muth Jr., D. and Seale, J.W. (2020). Climate smart agriculture opportunities for mitigating soil greenhouse gas emissions across the U.S. Corn-Belt. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268: 122240.
  • Najafi Alamdarlo, H. (2016). Water consumption, agriculture value added and carbon dioxide emission in Iran, environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 13(8): 2079-2090.
  • Nayak, D., Saetnan, E., Cheng, K., Wang, W. and Koslowski, F. (2015). Management opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from Chinese agriculture. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 209: 108–124.
  • Pakrooh, P., Hayati, B., Pishbahar, E., Nematian, J. and Brännlund, E.R. (2020). Focus on the provincial inequalities in energy consumption and CO2 emissions of Iran’s agriculture sector. Science of The Total Environment, 715: 137029.
  • Patra, A.K. (2017). Accounting methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and carbon footprints of livestock food products in different states of India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162: 678-686.
  • Saaty, T.L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Saaty, T.L. (1996). Decision making with dependence and feedback: The analytic network process, Pittsburg: RWS Publications.
  • Sevkli, M., Oztekin, A., Uysal, O., Torlak, G., Turkyilmaz, A. and Delen, D. (2012). Development of a fuzzy ANP based SWOT analysis for the airline industry in Turkey. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(1): 14-24.
  • Ti, C., Xia, L., Chang, S. X. and Yan, X. (2019). Potential for mitigating global agricultural ammonia emission: A meta-analysis. Environmental Pollution, 245: 141-148.
  • United Nations (2010). United Nations Development Program, Department of Environment. Iran second national communication to United Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC). National Climate Change Office, Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran.
  • United Nations (2017). United Nations Development Program, Department of Environment. Iran second national communication to United Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC). National Climate Change Office, Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran.
  • Vlontzos, G. and Pardalos, P. M. (2017). Assess and prognosticate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production of EU countries, by implementing, DEA Window analysis and artificial neural networks. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76: 155-162.
  • Wan, N.F., Ji, X.Y., Jiang, J.X., Qiao, H.X. and Huang, K.H. (2013). A methodological approach to assess the combined reduction of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers for low-carbon agriculture. Ecological Indicators, 24: 344–352.
  • Wei, S., Bai, Z.H., Chadwick, D., Hou, Y., Qin, W., Zhao, Z.Q., Jiang, R.F. and Ma, L. (2018). Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions and mitigation options from livestock production in peri-urban agriculture: Beijing- A case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 178: 515-525.
  • World Bank (2016). Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2KT?locations=1W.
  • Xu, B. and Lin, B. (2017). Factors affecting CO2 emissions in China’s agriculture sector: Evidence from geographically weighted regression model. Energy policy, 104: 404-414.
  • Zhang, Y. and Fang, G. (2013). Research on spatial-temporal characteristics and affecting factors decomposition of agricultural carbon emission in Suzhou city, Anhui province, China. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 291-294: 1385-1388.
  • Zhang, Y., Collins, A.L., Johnes, P.J. and Jones, J.I. (2017). Projected impacts of increased uptake of source control mitigation measures on agricultural diffuse pollution emissions to water and air. Land Use Policy, 62: 185–201.
Village and Development
Volume 25, Issue 3 - Serial Number 99
January 2023
Pages 167-198

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics