Rural Entrepreneurship Development Model Based on Cognitive Empowerment and Explaining the Role of Institutional Environment in It: A Case Study of Rural Businesses

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Management, Faculty of Management, Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

This study aimed at identifying the factors affecting the rural empowerment and rural entrepreneurship development at the level of policy makers, managers and decision makers in rural entrepreneurship policies. It was a qualitative research conducted in Delphi method. The statistical population consisted of 22 experts and professionals in this field who were selected by non-probability sampling with a combination of purposeful judgment method and snowball sampling. Data analysis was conducted in two stages using Delphi method and exploratory factor analysis. The study findings highlighted the importance of the three factors of emotional, behavioral and cognitive empowerments and their explaining components. The results indicated that the dimensions of cognitive empowerment included the individual, group and enterprise factors affecting the emotional empowerment and led to behavioral empowerment which in turn involved the results of entrepreneurial behavior. In addition, the two-way linkage of these dimensions with the institutional environment including five dimensions of support, rural planning, improved rural business environment, rural entrepreneurial goals and rural entrepreneurial values was explained by the study results.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Austin, J., Stevenson, H. and Wei-Skillern, J. (2006). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: same, different, or both? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1): 1-22.
  2. Ayre, C. and Scally, A.J. (2014). Critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio: revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1): 79–86.
  3. Bateman, I.J., Carson, R.T., Day, B., Hanemann, M., Hanley, N., Hett, T., Jones-Lee, M., Loomes, G., Mourato, S., Özdemiroglu, E., Pearce, D., Sugden, J. and Swanson, J. (2002). Economic evaluation with stated preference techniques, a manual. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
  4. Bozorgpour, Z. (2014). Sustainable rural development with emphasis on entrepreneurship. Paper Presented at the First National Conference on Sustainable Rural Development in Horizon 1404 (2025), Isfahan, Iran. (Persian)
  5. Dadvar Khni, F., Rezvani, M.R., Imeni Gheshlagh, S. and Boozarjomehri, Kh. (2012). Analyzing the role of tourism in development of entrepreneurial characteristics and tendency to entrepreneurship among rural youth (case study: Kandovan and Eskandan villages of Osku County). Human Geography Research, 78(4): 169-196. (Persian)
  6. Danaei-Fard, H., Alvani, S.M. and Azar, A. (2019). Qualitative research methodology in management: a comprehensive approach. Tehran: Eshraqi Saffar. (Persian)
  7. Das, D.C. (2014). Prospects and challenges of rural entrepreneurship development in NER-A study. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Studies, 1(3): 178-182.
  8. Divsalar, A. and Naghavi, M.R. (2012). Study of the factors affecting the success of rural entrepreneurs on social dimension, case study: Miankaleh sub-district of Behshahr Country. Geographical Planning of Space, 2(4): 76-94. (Persian)
  9. Eklund, L. (1999). From citizen participation to community empowerment. University of Tampere.
  10. Farahani, H. and Haji-Hosseini, S. (2014). Evaluating rural areas capacities for entrepreneurship development and rural empowerment (case study: villages of Shal district of Boeen Zahra County). Rural Research, 4(4): 715-748. (Persian)
  11. Fiet, J.O. (2007). A prescriptive analysis of search and discovery. Journal of Management Studies, 44(4): 592-561.
  12. Figueroa-Armijos, M., Dabson, B. and Johanson, T.G. (2012). Rural entrepreneurship in a time of recession. Entrepreneurship research, 2(1): 122-134.
  13. Hosseininia, Gh. and Falllahi, H. (2017). Factors affecting rural entrepreneurship development (case study: rural areas of Manojan County. Rural Research, 8(1): 25-33. (Persian)
  14. Kanawattanachai, P. and Yoo, Y. (2002). Dynamic nature of trust in virtual teams. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11(3): 187-213.
  15. Karimzadeh, H. and Majnouni Toutakhaneh, A. (2018). Modeling the development of rural entrepreneurship based on local capacities: a case study of rural settlements of Bonab County. Village and Development, 22(85): 87-110. (Persian)
  16. Khatoonabadi, A. and Andadeh, Gh. (2008). Assessing the success of rural entrepreneurs in Isfahan province using AHP and factor analysis methods. Paper Presented at the National Conference on Entrepreneurship Development in Scientific-Applied Education, Mashhad, Iran. (Persian)
  17. Kreitner, R. and Kinicki, A. (2007). Organizational Behavior Management, Concepts, Theories, Applications. Translated by A.A. Farhangi and H. Safarzadeh. Tehran: Pooyesh Publications. (Persian)
  18. Lavidge, R.J. and Steiner, G.A. (1961). A model for predictive measurements of advertising effectiveness. The Journal of Marketing, 1(1): 59-62.
  19. Moghimi, S.M. and Ramazan, M. (2013). Organizational behavior management (individual and group levels). Tehran: Industrial Management Organization. (Persian)
  20. Mohammadi Elias, A. (2009). Theoretical contribution to entrepreneurship studies: concepts and typology. Iranian Management Science Quarterly, 3(10): 145-168. (Persian)
  21. Movahedi, R. and Yaqoubi Farani, A. (2012). An introduction to rural entrepreneurship. Hamadan: Bu-Ali Sina University.
  22. Musakhani, M., Sarfarazi, M. and Khorram Dabiri, M.R. (2013). Organizational entrepreneurship development paradigm: an essential need in the organizations of Third Millennium. Future Iranian Scientific Quarterly, 1(1): 26-57. (Persian)
  23. Powell, C. (2003). The Delphi technique: myths and realities. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(4): 376-382.
  24. Preble, J.F. (1983). Public sector use of the Delphi technique. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 23(1): 75-88.
  25. Saxena, S. (2012). Problems faced by rural entrepreneurs and remedies to solve it. Journal of Business and Management, 3(3): 23-29.
  26. Schmidt, R.C. (1997). Managing Delphi surveys using nonparametric statistical techniques. Decision Sciences, 28(3): 763-774.
  27. Serayeldin, I. (1991). Culture, empowerment and the development paradigm. Journal of SID, 1: 87-99.
  28. Shane, S. and Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1): 217-226.
  29. Shepherd, D.A. (2015). Party on! A call for entrepreneurship research that is more interactive, activity-based, cognitively hot, compassionate, and prosocial. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(4): 489-507.
  30. Stathopoulou, S., Psaltopoulos, D. and Skuras, D. (2004). Rural entrepreneurship in Europe: a research framework and agenda. Internatinal Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 10(6): 404-425.
  31. Spreitzer, G.M. (1992). When organizations dare: the dynamics of individual empowerment in the workplace. University of Michigan.
  32. Verheul, I., Wennekers, S., Audretsch, D. and Thurik, R. (2001). An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship: policies, institutions and culture. Tinbergen Institute, Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Vol. 27. DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47556-1_2.
  33. Webster, N.A., Friis-Hansen, E., Madsen, S.T., Folke, S., Nielsen, H., Larsen, M.N. and Chipeta, S. (2004). Farmer empowerment: experiences, lessons learned and ways forward. Policy Discussion Paper, 1. 
Village and Development
Volume 23, Issue 2 - Serial Number 90
September 2020
Pages 63-87

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics