Village and Development

Village and Development

Identifying the Antecedents of Successful Entry of Rural Women into the Field of Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of North Khorasan Province of Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
M.R. Fallah 1
F. Parhizkar Borzeli 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran.
2 MA Graduate in Management, Faculty of Humanities, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran.
10.30490/rvt.2020.318629.1128
Abstract
This applied study aimed at providing a framework to identify preconditions for successful entry of rural women into the field of entrepreneurship. It was conducted in a descriptive-survey method and the required data were collected through library studies and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of those women, from the villages with more than 1,000 populations in North Khorasan province of Iran, who were selected in a non-probabilistic sampling method; and among them, 383 people were selected as the sample, according to Morgan's table. In this research, structural equations were used for data analysis and Friedman test was used for ranking indicators. The findings suggested that the successful entry of rural women into the field of entrepreneurship required an "entrepreneurial capacity- building" through the creation of "rural micro-funds, facilitation of employment loans, online sales of products, permanent supply exhibitions of products, formation of Cooperative for Rural Women Entrepreneurs, guaranteed purchase of the products, Association of Rural Women Entrepreneurs Rural Creativity and Innovation Centers.
Keywords
Business Capacity-Building
Rural Entrepreneur Women
Environmental-Organizational Factors
Managerial-Marketing Factors
Individual-Social Factors

Subjects

  1. Aggarwal, A.K. (2018). Rural entrepreneurship development ecosystem–an emerging paradigm of rural socio-economic development. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3184127 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3184127.
  2. Altman, M. (2015). Cooperative organizations as an engine of equitable rural economic development. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 3(1): 14-23.
  3. Asha, K. (2018). A study on problems faced by rural entrpreneurs in India and remedies to solve it. Paper Presented at the National Conference on “Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Start-UPS for Economic Transformation-Trends, Opportunities and Challenges.
  4. Basu, R. and Chatterjee, S. (2018). What barriers do women face in becoming high-tech entrepreneurs in rural India? Technology Innovation Management Review, 8(1): 33-36.
  5. Bebbington, A., Dharmawan, L., Fahmi, E. and Guggenheim, S. (2006). Local capacity, village governance, and the political economy of rural development in Indonesia. World Development, 34(11): 1958-1976.
  6. Bouzarjomehri, Kh. and Masoumi, M. (2018). Surveying the barriers and challenges faced by women in the marketing of dairy products (case study: Sarchehan district, Bavanat County). Spatial Planning, 8(3): 1-18. DOI: 10.22108/sppl.2018.111441.1237. (Persian)
  7. Das, D.C. (2014). Prospects and challenges of rural entrepreneurship development in NER-A study. International Journal of Humanities Social Science Studies, 1(3): 178-182.
  8. Ehsanifar, T., Shahmoradi, M., Moradian, P., Rostami Ghobadi, F. and Farahmand, K. (2018). Rural women's entrepreneurship development barriers (case study: women entrepreneurs of Lahijan County). Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, 5(1): 93-106. (Persian)
  9. Figueroa-Armijos, M., Dabson, B. and Johnson, T.G. (2012). Rural entrepreneurship in a time of recession. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 2(1): 3-3. DOI: 10.2202/2157-5665.1044.
  10. Gaduh, A.B. (2010). Village capacity in maintaining infrastructure: evidence from rural Indonesia. Jakarta: World Bank Office.
  11. Garg, S. and Agarwal, P. (2017). Problems and prospects of woman entrepreneurship–a review of literature. IOSR Journal of Business Management, 19(1): 55-60. Available at http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol19-issue1/Version-6/H1901065560.pdf
  12. Ghadermarzi, H., Jamshidi, A., Jamini, D, and Nazari Sarmazeh, H. (2015). Identification of hampering factors affecting development of rural women's entrepreneurship: a case study of Shalil sub-district, Ardal County. Regional Planning, 5(17): 103-118. (Persian)
  13. Ghouse, S., McElwee, G., Meaton, J. and Durrah, O. (2017). Barriers to rural women entrepreneurs in Oman. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 23(6): 998-1016.
  14. Halkias, D., Nwajiuba, C., Harkiolakis, N. and Caracatsanis, S.M. (2011). Challenges facing women entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Management Research Review, 34(2): 221-235.
  15. Heidari Sareban, V. (2012). Prioritizing major barriers to rural women's entrepreneurship using AHP method: a case study of Ardabil province. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 10(2): 159-177. DOI: 10.22051/jwsps.2012.1430. (Persian)
  16. Jayadatta, S. (2017). Major challenges and problems of rural entrepreneurship in India. Journal of Business and Management, 19(9): 35-44.
  17. Jones, S. and Warhuus, J.P. (2018). “This class is not for you”; An investigation of gendered subject construction in entrepreneurship course descriptions. Journal of Small Business Enterprise Developmen, 25(2): 182-200.
  18. Kalemci Tuzun, I. and Araz Takay, B. (2017). Patterns of female entrepreneurial activities in Turkey. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 32(3): 166-182.
  19. Katekhaye, D. (2018). Barriers and opportunities of rural entrepreneurship: Indian and Hungarian scenario. PhD Thesis, Godollo: Szent Istvan University.
  20. Kaur, R. and Aulakh, G. (2017). Challenges encountered in promoting sustainable development. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(04): 11-18.
  21. Khorrambakht, A.A. (2017). Determination of entrepreneurship development strategies in peri-urban villages: a case study of villages around Lar city of Iran. Village and Development, 20(3): 65-83. (Persian)
  22. Kline, R B. (1998). Structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford.
  23. Kungwansupaphan, C. and Leihaothabam, J. K.S. (2016). Capital factors and rural women entrepreneurship development: a perspective of Manipur state, India. Gender in Management: An International Journ, 31(3): 207-221.
  24. Lekovic, B., Maric, S., Djurovic, S. and Berber, N. (2014). Perception of entrepreneurs regarding business environment in Montenegro: regional analysis. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 10(7). Available at https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2013.v9n28p%p.
  25. Mazonde, N.B. and Carmichael, T. (2016). The influence of culture on female entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe. The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship Small Business Management, 8(1): 1-10.
  26. Mohamad, M. and Bakar, M.S. (2017). Malay women entrepreneurial success: challenges and barriers. International Journal of Accounting, 2(5): 76-84.
  27. Mtisi, S., Dube, A. and Dube, T. (2017). Assessing the challenges faced by rural agro-dealers in Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe. African Journal of Business Management, 11(9): 183-193.
  28. Ngorora, G. and Mago, S. (2013). Challenges of rural entrepreneurship in South Africa: insights from Nkonkobe municipal area in the Eastern Cape Province. International Journal of Information Technology Business Management, 16(1): 1-11.
  29. Panda, S. (2018). Constraints faced by women entrepreneurs in developing countries: review and ranking. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 33(4): 315-331. DOI: 10.1108/GM-01-2017-0003.
  30. Qambarali, R. and Rostami, F. (2015). Identifying the problems of women entrepreneurs in Kermanshah province. Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, 2(1): 1-17. (Persian)
  31. Raghuvanshi, J., Agrawal, R. and Ghosh, P. (2017). Analysis of barriers to women entrepreneurship: the DEMATEL approach. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 26(2): 220-238.
  32. Rai, M.K. (2018). Issues and challenges of women entrepreneurs in India. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 3(1): 633-635.
  33. Sá, E., Casais, B. and Silva, J. (2019). Local development through rural entrepreneurship, from the Triple Helix perspective: the case of a peripheral region in northern Portugal. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 25(4): 698-716.
  34. Sekatane, M.B. (2018). South African women entrepreneurs: challenges and coping strategies. In: Challenges to African Entrepreneurship in the 21st Century (pp. 97-115), Springer.
  35. Sharma, N. (2017). Role and importance of rural entrepreneurs in India. Journal of HR, Organizational Behaviour Entrepreneurship Development, 1(2): 25-29.
  36. Shyamala, J. (2016). Problems and challenges faced by rural women entrepreneurs in India. Asia Pacific Journal of Research, 2: 193-201.
  37. Sohrabi, A. (2015). Rural industry, a factor influencing the process of rural migration and development. Paper Presented at The1 Annual Iranian Agriculture Research Conference [The First Annual Conference of Iranian Agricultural Research], Shiraz. (Persian)
  38. Sojasi Qidari, H. and Arabteimour, Y. (2018). Analyzing and measuring the entrepreneurial mentality among employees of agricultural sector in rural areas: a case study of sub-districts in Khaf County of Iran. Village and Development, 19(3): 25-53. (Persian)
  39. Sondari, M.C. (2014). Is entrepreneurship education really needed?: Examining the antecedent of entrepreneurial career intention. Procedia -Social Behavioral Sciences, 115: 44-53.
  40. Tur-Porcar, A., Mas-Tur, A. and Belso, J.A. (2017). Barriers to women entrepreneurship: different methods, different results? Quality and Quantity, 51(5): 2019-2034.
  41. Varestefar, A. and Vakilifard, M. (2016). Entrepreneurship of women: case study of Industrial Parks of Tehran and Semnan. Scientific Journal of Management System, 27(106): 45-59. (Persian)