روستا و توسعه

روستا و توسعه

واکاوی انگیزه‌های مهاجرت روستایی در شهرستان اصفهان با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
علی یوسفی 1
علی ترابی 2
1 استادیار گروه توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستایی، گروه توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
10.30490/rvt.2025.367412.1659
چکیده
چشم‌انداز جمعیتی ایران طی دهه‌های اخیر با گسترش شهرنشینی دستخوش تغییرات گسترده‌ای شده است. مهاجرت از روستاها همواره یکی از روندهای مهم جمعیتی بوده که نگرانی‌هایی را درباره تخلیه روستاها ایجاد کرده است. با توجه به اینکه بیشتر پژوهش‌های مهاجرت مبتنی بر داده‌های‌ کلان و تجمیعی هستند و کمتر بر تجربیات فردی و پیچیدگی‌های محلی این پدیده متمرکز بوده‌اند، هدف این پژوهش شناخت انگیزه‌های مهاجران روستاهای شهرستان اصفهان با رویکرد کیفی و استفاده از تحلیل مضمون است. داده‌ها پس از انتخاب مهاجرفرست‌ترین روستاها از افرادی که تجربه مهاجرت از روستاهای منتخب را داشتند، به ‏صورت هدفمند از طریق مصاحبه ژرفانگر در سال 1400 گردآوری شد. تفسیر و سازمان‌دهی داده‌ها در فرایندی نظام‌مند شامل پردازش و آشنایی با داده‌ها، انتخاب کلمات کلیدی، کدگذاری داده‌ها، توسعه مضامین، مفهوم‌سازی و توسعه مدل مفهومی صورت پذیرفت. یافته‌ها حکایت از نارضایتی از روستانشینی در بین روستاییان بخش مرکزی اصفهان دارد که عواملی اصلی آن تغییر سبک زندگی، نگرانی از آینده و ناامیدی از تحقق آرزوها با روستانشینی، افزایش آگاهی و دانش روستاییان و امید به ارتقاء سطح کیفیت زندگی در شهرها است. در مجموع، مهاجرت روستایی صرفاً واکنشی به نابرابری‌های اقتصادی نیست، بلکه با جستجوی معنا پیوند خورده است. در کنار اهمیت نابرابری‌های منطقه‌ای و پویایی‌های جاذبه-دافعه، نارضایتی روستاییان از این تصور ناشی می‌شود که نمی‌توانند آرزوهای خود را در محیط روستایی محقق کنند و به جایگاه اجتماعی مطلوب دست یابند. در مقابل، مناطق شهری به‌عنوان مکان‌هایی ادراک می‌شوند که امکان تحرک اجتماعی، کسب احترام و زندگی رضایت‌بخش‌تر را فراهم می‌سازند. بنابراین سیاست‌های توسعه روستایی باید از تمرکز صرف بر توسعه زیرساخت‌ها فراتر رفته و عواملی چون منزلت اجتماعی، مشارکت جوانان، احساس عاملیت و امید به آینده را نیز تقویت کنند. در این راستا، ضروری است از ظرفیت رسانه‌ها و ابزارهای نمادین برای بازسازی تصویر روستا به‌عنوان محیطی ارزشمند، نوآور و برخوردار از پویایی و پایداری بهره گرفته شود تا بر ادراک عقب‌ماندگی و تصویر ذهنی منفی از زندگی روستایی غلبه شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
مهاجرت داخلی، پژوهش کیفی، نارضایتی، نظریه جستجوی معنا، اصفهان.

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Exploring Rural Migration Motives in Isfahan County: Insights from Thematic Analysis

نویسندگان English

A. Yousefi 1
A. Torabi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Rural Development, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
2 MSc Graduate in Rural Development, Department of Rural Development, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده English

Abstract
Introduction
In recent years, Iran has experienced a significant demographic shift with rapid urbanization leading to increased rural-to-urban migration, raising concerns about rural depopulation. This study uses thematic analysis to investigate the reasons behind rural migration in Isfahan County, addressing the gap in understanding individual motivations and local factors influencing migration decisions.
Materials and Methods
Data was collected through in-depth interviews with migrants from villages known for high migration rates, selected through purposive sampling. The analysis process included transcribing data, identifying keywords, coding, developing themes, conceptualizing, and creating a model.
Results and Discussion
The study found that dissatisfaction with rural life was a common driver for migration, influenced by lifestyle changes, limited prospects, unfulfilled aspirations, increased awareness, and the desire for a better quality of life in urban areas. Migration was motivated not only by economic disparities but also by the search for personal fulfillment and meaning. Rural dissatisfaction stemmed from perceived limited opportunities for social mobility and status, while urban areas offered more prospects for advancement and a fulfilling life.
Conclusions
Understanding rural-to-urban migration requires considering psychological and social factors alongside economic drivers. Policies for rural development should address social factors like social status, youth engagement, empowerment, and hope for the future, in addition to infrastructure. To combat negative perceptions of rural areas, portraying villages as valuable, innovative, and sustainable through media representation is crucial.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dissatisfaction, Internal Migration, Isfahan, Meaning-Making Theory, Qualitative Research
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