روستا و توسعه

روستا و توسعه

بررسی نقش سواد مالی در کارآفرینی بخش کشاورزی: مطالعه موردی استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
محسن محمدی خیاره 1
امینه زیوری 2
1 دانشیار گروه علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران.
2 دکتری توسعه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
10.30490/rvt.2025.367406.1654
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل نقش سواد مالی کارآفرینانه در توسعه فعالیت­های کشاورزی استان گلستان با بهره­ گیری از روش تحلیل مضمون انجام شد. داده ­ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز تحقیق با رویکرد کیفی و از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۱۵ نفر از متخصصان دانشگاهی، کارشناسان مالی و کشاورزان کارآفرین در سال 1403-1402 گردآوری شد. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که شکاف‌های دانشی مالی شامل ضعف در تحلیل هزینه-فایده، مدیریت نقدینگی و پیش‌بینی ریسک‌های مالی منجر به تصمیم‌گیری‌های ناکارآمد در سرمایه‌گذاری و توسعه کسب ‌و کار می‌شود. عوامل فرهنگی و بومی ازجمله نقش سنت‌های محلی نظیر همیاری خانوادگی و گرایش به اجتناب از ریسک‌های مالی خارج از چارچوب‌های شناخته‌ شده نیز تأثیر بسزایی در رفتار مالی کشاورزان دارند. علاوه بر این، الگوی استفاده از ابزارهای مالی نشان داد که کشاورزان بیشتر به روش‌های سنتی تأمین مالی مانند وام‌های غیررسمی متکی هستند و علی‌رغم دسترسی به خدمات نوین بانکی، به آن­ها بی‌اعتمادند. این سه مضمون در تعامل با یکدیگر چارچوبی یکپارچه را شکل می‌دهند که نشان می‌دهد سواد مالی کارآفرینانه تنها به دانش فنی محدود نمی‌شود، بلکه تحت تأثیر ابعاد فرهنگی، روانی و اجتماعی- اقتصادی نیز قرار دارد. به ­عنوان مثال، کشاورزانی که از شبکه‌های محلی برای تأمین سرمایه اولیه استفاده می‌کنند، اغلب در درک و بهره‌گیری از ابزارهای مالی پیچیده مانند بیمه محصولات کشاورزی دچار مشکل می‌شوند. مدل پیشنهادی بر ضرورت ترکیب آموزش‌های مالی استاندارد با سازوکارهای بومی تأکید دارد، به گونه‌ای که علاوه بر پوشش مفاهیم پایه‌ای مانند مدیریت بدهی، با ارزش‌های جمع‌گرایانه جوامع روستایی نیز همخوانی داشته باشد. این مطالعه در بعد نظری، بیانگر ضرورت بازتعریف سواد مالی در بخش کشاورزی به ­عنوان پدیده‌ای چندبعدی (فنی-فرهنگی-روانی) است. از منظر کاربردی نیز پیشنهاد می‌شود نهادهای مالی و سیاست‌گذاران با طراحی محصولات مالی ترکیبی- که وام‌های بانکی را با سازوکارهای همیاری محلی تلفیق می‌کنند- و همچنین کارگاه‌های آموزشی متناسب با نیازهای واقعی کشاورزان، به بهبود تاب‌آوری اقتصادی و پایداری کارآفرینی در مناطق روستایی کمک کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
استان گلستان
تحلیل مضمون
سواد مالی
کارآفرینی کشاورزی
مدل کارآفرینانه

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Exploring Financial Literacy in Agricultural Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Study of Farmers in Golestan Province

نویسندگان English

M. Mohammadi Khyareh 1
A. Zivary 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
2 Ph.D. in Entrepreneurship Development, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Abstract
Introduction
Financial literacy plays a crucial role in the success of entrepreneurs, especially in the agricultural sector where economic viability intersects with complex environmental and sociocultural factors. This study aims to investigate the relationship between financial literacy and agricultural entrepreneurship by developing a comprehensive model of entrepreneurial financial literacy (EFL) among farmers in Golestan Province, Iran. Traditional financial literacy models often overlook contextual factors such as cultural norms and localized economic practices, which are essential in shaping entrepreneurial behavior in rural areas. This research bridges this gap by integrating cultural, psychological, and educational dimensions into a holistic EFL framework tailored to agricultural contexts.
Materials and Methods
A qualitative approach was used, involving semi-structured interviews with 15 purposively selected participants, including academic experts, financial professionals, and entrepreneurial farmers in Golestan Province. Data collection focused on participants' views on financial decision-making, risk management, and the influence of cultural practices on financial behaviors. Thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-step methodology, was conducted using MAXQDA software. Iterative coding identified recurring patterns, leading to the development of themes that capture the core components of EFL.
Results and Discussion
Three interrelated themes emerged:

Financial Knowledge Gaps: Farmers lacked foundational financial skills, such as cost-benefit analysis and liquidity management, which hindered their ability to optimize resource allocation.
Cultural and Indigenous Factors: Local traditions, familial cooperation networks, and risk-averse attitudes significantly influenced financial decisions. For example, reliance on informal community-based financial support often outweighed engagement with formal banking systems.
Patterns of Financial Tool Usage: There was a disconnect between modern financial instruments (e.g., loans, insurance) and farmers' trust in traditional practices, highlighting the need for hybrid solutions.

The proposed EFL model emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between financial education and cultural adaptation. It suggests that entrepreneurial motivation is enhanced when financial training aligns with local values, such as integrating indigenous cooperative systems (e.g., hamiyari) with formal financial services. This synergy not only improves economic efficiency but also promotes sustainable rural enterprises.
Conclusions
This study contributes to the theoretical discourse on financial literacy by highlighting the importance of cultural contextualization in effective EFL models. It calls for policymakers, agricultural extension services, and financial institutions to collaborate on designing localized educational programs that blend traditional practices with modern financial tools. For instance, microfinance initiatives could incorporate community-led risk-sharing mechanisms to increase adoption rates. By addressing both cognitive and sociocultural dimensions, the model offers a pathway to enhance agricultural entrepreneurship, economic resilience, and rural development in regions like Golestan.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Agricultural Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurial Model
Financial Literacy
Golestan Province
Thematic Analysis
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