Village and Development

Village and Development

Sociological Explanation of Women’s Participation in Livelihoods of Rural Society (Case Study: North Khorasan province of Iran)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
A. Mohseni Tabrizi 1
Gh. Ghafari 2
H. Nayebi 3
M. Efati 4
1 Professor of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 PhD Graduate in Sociology, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran .
10.30490/rvt.2020.283774.1053
Abstract
This study aimed at explaining the extent of rural women’s participation in household livelihoods and identifying the effective socio-economic factors. It was conducted in a survey method and the statistical population included the rural women in the Garmah and Jajjarm districts of North Khorasan province of Iran. Using a sampling method, totally 167 individuals were selected and the data and information were collected through interviews and a questionnaire. The study results revealed that despite their significant role in the household livelihoods, the rural women had a limited access to household income and assets (almost 9.3 percent); in addition, the variables including age, educations, extent of individual’s gender bias (gender stereotypes), extent if willingness to progress, extent of mass media usage, economic status of household, the extent to which the villages have development facilities, and distance from villages to the city within the individual, social and family factors were the most important factors significantly affecting the participation of rural women in the rural household livelihoods.
Keywords
Rural Women
Livelihoods
Participation
Women's Role

Subjects

  1. Alghanmi, M.R. (1993). Rural poverty crisis, Can cooperation eliminate it? Translated by N. Oktaei. Rural Research Center, Ministry of Construction Jihad. Village and Development, Vol. 5. (Persian)
  2. Anyoha, N.O. (2011). Factors influencing rural women’s participation in development programs in Rivers State, Nigeria: key for social exclusion elimination. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 6(1): 31-36.
  3. Birikti, G. and Michael, T. and Haimanot (2014). An assessment of factors affecting participation of women in management position: the case of Ethio Telecom Company. Post Graduate Program, College of Business and Economics, Department of Public Administration and Development Management (PADM), Addis Ababa University.
  4. Boyle, P.J. (1995). Planning in development process. Translated by Gh. Ahmadi and S. Shahabi. Tehtan: Qoqnoos. (Persian)
  5. Chambers, R. and Conway, G. (1991). Sustainable livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century. IDS Discussion Paper 296. IDS Brighton.
  6. Dahl, R.A. (1985). Modern political analysis. Translated by H. Zafarian. Tehran: Hossein Zafarian. (Persian)
  7. Dallakyan, A. and Bakhtavoryan, R. (2012). Analysis of factors impacting women's labor force participation in Armenia. Center for Gender and Leadership Studies, Arizona State University.
  8. Effati, M. (1995). Gender and development. Tehran: Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad, Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI). (Persian)
  9. Fanni, S. (1997). Structure of women's cooperation in agriculture. Contribution to the National Seminar on Women, Participation and the Agriculture in 2021, Agricultural Planning and Economic Research Institute (APERI), Tehran, pp. 119-136. (Persian)
  10. Gaotri, H. (1986). Popular Participation in Development. UNICCO, Paris. Translated by H. Ghebraei and D. Tabaei. Tehran: Ravesh Publication. (Persian)
  11. Ghaderzadeh, O. and Yousefvand, H. (2012). Sociological factors affecting the women’s civic participation. Women in Development and Politics, 10(4): 101-126. (Persian)
  12. Ghaffari, Gh. and Niazi, M. (2006). Sociology of participation.Tehran: Nazdik. (Persian)
  13. Ghanbari, Y., Hajjarian, A., Ansari, R. and Kiani, F. (2012). Encouraging and discouraging factors for rural women’s participation in agricultural activities (case study: Fereidoonshahr County). Research and Rural Planning, 1(2): 71-87. (Persian)
  14. Jebessa, U.G., Amentie, Ch., Kaushik, K.K. and Akessa, G.M. (2015). Assessment of factors affecting women participation in managerial positions in selected public organizations in Jimma Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Global Journals Inc. (US), 15(4): 70-79.
  15. Lahsaeizadeh, A., Jahangiri, J. and Khajenoori, B. (2005). Rural women economic participation: a case study of the Fars province. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 6(3): 124-145. (Persian)
  16. Misra, R.P. (1994). Discussions on rural development. Jahad Journal, No. 115. (Persian)
  17. Mohseni Tabrizi, A., Aghajani, H. and Azizkhani, E. (2016). Sociological explanation of different forms of participation among citizens of Khalkhal city and its effective factors. Urban Sociological Studies, 6(19): 1-32. (Persian)
  18. Mushi, S. (1986). Institutionalization of popular participation. In: Participation in World Development. Pairs: Enesco.
  19. Nelson, N. and Wright, S. (1995). Power and participatory development: theory and practice. London: ITDG Publication.
  20. Noroozi, F and Bakhtiari, M. (2009). Social participation and its effective factors. Scientific Research Journal of Rahbord, 18(53): 249-269. (Persian)
  21. Oakley, P. and Marsden, D. (1991). Approaches to participation in rural development. Translated by M. Mohammadnejad. Tehran: Center of Research and Rural Issues. (Persian)
  22. Obidullah Khan, A.Z.M. (2006). Participatory development: the need for structural reform and people's organization, local level planning and rural development: alternative strategies. Translated by A. Mokhber. Tehran: Management and Planning Organization of Iran. (Persian)
  23. Omar, S. (2006). Participatory democracy, institute building and social development; Local level planning and rural development: alternative strategies. Translated by A. Mokhber. Tehran: Management and Planning Organization of Iran. (Persian)
  24. Shaditalab, J. and Kamali, A. (2002). Women social participation. Women in Development and Politics, 1(4): 26-52. (Persian)
  25. Singh, S., Kushwah, S., Singh, V.B. and Daipuria, O.P. (2015). Factor affecting the participation of rural women in agricultural activities. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 15(1): 81-83.
  26. Yadav, R.P. (2006). People participation: focus on mobilization of the rural poor; Local level planning and rural development: alternative strategies. Translated by A. Mokhber. Tehran: Management and Planning Organization of Iran. (Persian)