Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI) Village and Development 1563-3322 11 4 2018 03 14 Direct and Indirect Impacts of Development Investments on the Growth of Total Productivity and Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas of Iran Direct and Indirect Impacts of Development Investments on the Growth of Total Productivity and Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas of Iran 1 24 59248 FA Javad TORKAMANI Elham JAMALI MOGHADDAM Journal Article 2018 03 14 Considering the importance of government investment in poverty alleviation, the main objective of this study is to examine the direct and indirect impacts of some of these investments on poverty alleviation and total growth of productivity in rural areas of Iran. To do this, an equation system was used which includes the effective factors on poverty and productivity growth. Based on the results, rural poverty is more elastic to investment in rural development and construction than other government investments, but investment in this context has no impact on the growth of total productivity. Investment in road construction is effective on rural poverty and ranked second in this respect. The next rank belongs to investment in agricultural research and its impact on the growth of total productivity is positive. According to the results, the impacts of various government development investments on rural poverty are direct, and their indirect impacts are limited. Considering the importance of government investment in poverty alleviation, the main objective of this study is to examine the direct and indirect impacts of some of these investments on poverty alleviation and total growth of productivity in rural areas of Iran. To do this, an equation system was used which includes the effective factors on poverty and productivity growth. Based on the results, rural poverty is more elastic to investment in rural development and construction than other government investments, but investment in this context has no impact on the growth of total productivity. Investment in road construction is effective on rural poverty and ranked second in this respect. The next rank belongs to investment in agricultural research and its impact on the growth of total productivity is positive. According to the results, the impacts of various government development investments on rural poverty are direct, and their indirect impacts are limited.

http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59248_a5d907a3e238f889674960d89abcfce7.pdf

Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI) Village and Development 1563-3322 11 4 2018 03 14 Theoretical Underpinnings of Rural Community Participation in the Planning of Rural Tourism in Iran Theoretical Underpinnings of Rural Community Participation in the Planning of Rural Tourism in Iran 25 52 59249 FA Mehdi TALEB Hasan BAKHSHIZADEH Hossein MIRZAEE Journal Article 2018 03 14 Tourism in Iran is influenced generally by domestic tourism which is in turn dependent on rural tourism. For this reason, paying attention to the management of environment, local people participation, clear and strong laws, marketing, and realistic and systematic planning is quite necessary in rural tourism. In this paper the documentary research method was used to study the conceptual literature and theoretical underpinnings and then based on the characteristics of local rural tourism, a theoretical model appropriate to rural tourism planning in Iran was presented. Tourism in Iran is influenced generally by domestic tourism which is in turn dependent on rural tourism. For this reason, paying attention to the management of environment, local people participation, clear and strong laws, marketing, and realistic and systematic planning is quite necessary in rural tourism. In this paper the documentary research method was used to study the conceptual literature and theoretical underpinnings and then based on the characteristics of local rural tourism, a theoretical model appropriate to rural tourism planning in Iran was presented.

http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59249_ee9af505f187a867352db5787c4689d1.pdf

Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI) Village and Development 1563-3322 11 4 2018 03 14 Application of Fuzzy Logic in an Assessment Model of Agricultural Development Levels in Subdistricts of Kermanshah County of Iran Application of Fuzzy Logic in an Assessment Model of Agricultural Development Levels in Subdistricts of Kermanshah County of Iran 53 70 59250 FA Vida PEZESHKI Kioomars ZARAFSHANI Journal Article 2018 03 14 The goal of this study is to present a model of fuzzy logic and its application in the assessment of agricultural development of subdistricts of Kermanshah county which enables the planners to make more precise decisions. The study data were collected from the heads of service centers in subdistricts as experts of subject by a semi structured interview and the results indicated that the subdistricts can be ranked at five levels. The subdistricts of Dorood-faraman, Miandarband, and Jalalvand ranked first at 0.39 points; Sarab Niloofar, Koozaran, Chaghanarges, and Allahyarkhani ranked second at 0.389 points; and Mahidasht ranked third with 0.388 points of development, all located in the less developed subdistricts. Bilavar and Sarfiroozabad with 0.25 and 0.17 located at fourth and fifth rank in the group of undeveloped subdistricts. The goal of this study is to present a model of fuzzy logic and its application in the assessment of agricultural development of subdistricts of Kermanshah county which enables the planners to make more precise decisions. The study data were collected from the heads of service centers in subdistricts as experts of subject by a semi structured interview and the results indicated that the subdistricts can be ranked at five levels. The subdistricts of Dorood-faraman, Miandarband, and Jalalvand ranked first at 0.39 points; Sarab Niloofar, Koozaran, Chaghanarges, and Allahyarkhani ranked second at 0.389 points; and Mahidasht ranked third with 0.388 points of development, all located in the less developed subdistricts. Bilavar and Sarfiroozabad with 0.25 and 0.17 located at fourth and fifth rank in the group of undeveloped subdistricts.

http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59250_56085b6a4b024c57912eb8adc09ded52.pdf

Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI) Village and Development 1563-3322 11 4 2018 03 14 Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Performance of Agricultural Products in Sistan-and- Baluchestan Province of Iran: A Case Study of Triticale, Nomar Barley, and Hamoon Wheat Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Performance of Agricultural Products in Sistan-and- Baluchestan Province of Iran: A Case Study of Triticale, Nomar Barley, and Hamoon Wheat 71 88 59251 FA Mahmoud MOHAMMAD GHASEMI Shir Ali KOOHKAN Hossein AKBARI MOGHADDAM Hasan ROSTAMI Habibollah GOLI MAHMOUDI Journal Article 2018 03 14 The purpose of this study is to produce a crop that can provide an appropriate context for the participation of farmers in economic development of the area. The statistical population consisted of farmers who have cultivated three crops, triticale, Nomar barley and Hamoon wheat in 2002 crop year in Sistan-and-Baluchestan province. The study has applied cost-benefit analysis to time series data, and the results implied that since triticale is a newly introduced cereal in the province, that can be used as a seed food for human consumption and as a fodder for animal feeding, its cost-benefit ratio was more than one in two locations of the Sistan region and Khash. Triticale cultivation and extension as a new cereal with high potential for fodder and seed production can be effective in generating crop diversity and increasing performance in the region, considering its high performance in comparison with Nomar and Hamoon wheats. The purpose of this study is to produce a crop that can provide an appropriate context for the participation of farmers in economic development of the area. The statistical population consisted of farmers who have cultivated three crops, triticale, Nomar barley and Hamoon wheat in 2002 crop year in Sistan-and-Baluchestan province. The study has applied cost-benefit analysis to time series data, and the results implied that since triticale is a newly introduced cereal in the province, that can be used as a seed food for human consumption and as a fodder for animal feeding, its cost-benefit ratio was more than one in two locations of the Sistan region and Khash. Triticale cultivation and extension as a new cereal with high potential for fodder and seed production can be effective in generating crop diversity and increasing performance in the region, considering its high performance in comparison with Nomar and Hamoon wheats.

http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59251_045690f8e96026370317620eb147fff3.pdf

Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI) Village and Development 1563-3322 11 4 2018 03 14 The Impacts of Drought on the Life of Taheri Nomadic Tribe in Tabas County of Iran The Impacts of Drought on the Life of Taheri Nomadic Tribe in Tabas County of Iran 89 124 59252 FA Jalal SALEM Journal Article 2018 03 14 Production system and social life of nomads face many challenges and socio-economic problems, one of which is drought. The Purpose of this study was to recognize the barriers to development and socio-economic problems created by drought during the five year period of 2001-2006 in winter resort area and its effects on the life of Taheri nomadic tribe in Tabas county. The research methodology was field study relying on scientific sampling and also using statistics and information from censuses of moving tribes during the past years. The results indicated that drought has affected the community economically and socially and declined development trend considerably. Some of the most important economic effects of drought were a decline in the number of livestocks per household, severe decline in the number of heavy livestocks, decline in the production of handicrafts and ultimately reducing production and average income of each household in comparison to pre drought period. Some of the most important social impacts of drought were population decline in the tribe as a result of out-migration, particularly of seasonal and temporal type. Other negative impacts of drought were pasture land destruction, and decline in the quantity and quality of produced feed. 7 Production system and social life of nomads face many challenges and socio-economic problems, one of which is drought. The Purpose of this study was to recognize the barriers to development and socio-economic problems created by drought during the five year period of 2001-2006 in winter resort area and its effects on the life of Taheri nomadic tribe in Tabas county. The research methodology was field study relying on scientific sampling and also using statistics and information from censuses of moving tribes during the past years. The results indicated that drought has affected the community economically and socially and declined development trend considerably. Some of the most important economic effects of drought were a decline in the number of livestocks per household, severe decline in the number of heavy livestocks, decline in the production of handicrafts and ultimately reducing production and average income of each household in comparison to pre drought period. Some of the most important social impacts of drought were population decline in the tribe as a result of out-migration, particularly of seasonal and temporal type. Other negative impacts of drought were pasture land destruction, and decline in the quantity and quality of produced feed. 7

http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59252_d8529754c00a90ee847d7ff0618bdf0c.pdf

Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI) Village and Development 1563-3322 11 4 2018 03 14 Factors that Affect the Performance of Small Industries from the Rural Development Experts\' Perspective Factors that Affect the Performance of Small Industries from the Rural Development Experts\' Perspective 125 146 59253 FA Mehrnaz AMINAGHAEE Journal Article 2018 03 14 Despite many advantages of rural industrialization, the present situation of rural industries in Iran can not absorb the surplus labour in rural areas, eliminate the considerable difference between the welfare in rural and urban areas, stop rural-urban migration and realize socio-economic development. An examination of factors that affect the performance of small rural industries can identify important points with respect to the reasons of the non convergence of rural small industry with rural development objectives, and delineates the main lines of inter enterprise planning (by enterprise managers) and outer enterprise policies (by government). Therefore, this paper categorized the effective factors on the performance of small rural industries into three structural, contextual and content factors. Then it used exploratory methodology to examine the experts views of rural development issues in Iran with respect to the influence of individual indicators on the performance of small rural industries and their prioritization. Despite many advantages of rural industrialization, the present situation of rural industries in Iran can not absorb the surplus labour in rural areas, eliminate the considerable difference between the welfare in rural and urban areas, stop rural-urban migration and realize socio-economic development. An examination of factors that affect the performance of small rural industries can identify important points with respect to the reasons of the non convergence of rural small industry with rural development objectives, and delineates the main lines of inter enterprise planning (by enterprise managers) and outer enterprise policies (by government). Therefore, this paper categorized the effective factors on the performance of small rural industries into three structural, contextual and content factors. Then it used exploratory methodology to examine the experts views of rural development issues in Iran with respect to the influence of individual indicators on the performance of small rural industries and their prioritization.

http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59253_9a5e4548bc6d3edabc01c33f1d1fa7fb.pdf

Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI) Village and Development 1563-3322 11 4 2018 03 14 The Role of Hometown Associations in Rural Development: A Case Study of Daryanis in Tehran The Role of Hometown Associations in Rural Development: A Case Study of Daryanis in Tehran 147 174 59254 FA Mostafa AZKIA Seyed Ahmad FIROOZABADI Valiollah ROSTAMALIZADEH Journal Article 2018 03 14 Hometown associations are rural and town migrants sustainable organizations and institutions in large cities which passed through a process for their formation and have specific objectives. The present study used qualitative methodology with interview, group interview and observation to deal with the main characteristics of hometown associations, the examples of these associations in Iran, Daryani's association in Tehran, and their impacts on the development of Daryan village. The required data were collected from Daryani people settled in Tehran and Daryan village. The results of study indicated that Tehran's Daryani people have extended religious, charity, economic, supportive, public service, social and cultural organizations and they work together through kinship and co-ethnicity. Some organizational characteristics of these associations indicate the members are a mixture of relatives and friends, and they elect their leaders and main members democratically; They have also extensive potentials to cooperate with government institutions and have a long history in development activities. By investment, employment generation, establishment of industrial plants and attention to village issues ultimately these associations have an important role in the development of Daryan village. Hometown associations are rural and town migrants sustainable organizations and institutions in large cities which passed through a process for their formation and have specific objectives. The present study used qualitative methodology with interview, group interview and observation to deal with the main characteristics of hometown associations, the examples of these associations in Iran, Daryani's association in Tehran, and their impacts on the development of Daryan village. The required data were collected from Daryani people settled in Tehran and Daryan village. The results of study indicated that Tehran's Daryani people have extended religious, charity, economic, supportive, public service, social and cultural organizations and they work together through kinship and co-ethnicity. Some organizational characteristics of these associations indicate the members are a mixture of relatives and friends, and they elect their leaders and main members democratically; They have also extensive potentials to cooperate with government institutions and have a long history in development activities. By investment, employment generation, establishment of industrial plants and attention to village issues ultimately these associations have an important role in the development of Daryan village.

http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59254_cfd92845e5676a0a7b981f5387968e1b.pdf

Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI) Village and Development 1563-3322 11 4 2018 03 14 The Social Consequences of Bam Earthquake in Damaged Villages The Social Consequences of Bam Earthquake in Damaged Villages 175 202 59255 FA Mohsen EBRAHIMPOUR 0000-0002-4688-6068 Journal Article 2018 03 14 After a participatory appraisal of crisis management in damaged village Khajeh Asgar, a survey was carried out to examine the consequences and crisis management process. The findings of the study rejected the formed perception of victims particularly their weaknesses, expectations, roles, concerns, and passiveness, and highlighted the efficiencies and potentials of the networks of social relation norms, specifically kinship in local management. It also verified the active role of people and local networks in rescue, relief, primary rehabilitation, clearing debris, provision of basic needs, directing earthquake aid, aiding needy invalid, appropriate and proportionate distribution of materials such as food, tent, sanitation, heat and cool generators, and monitoring and control. Of course, despite the potentials and efficiencies of people and local communities, the level of their participation in rehabilitation of rural dwellings were very low, because decision makings and management were based on the myth of inability and weakness of those who were damaged. Ignoring or low utilization of local human and environmental potentials caused the considerable rise of the costs and growth of social anomies. The lack of attention to the nature of social trust that has a local structure and relies on local and familiar culture of kinship and attachment of ownership, wealth and livelihood caused the raise of social and normative conflicts in social structure. After a participatory appraisal of crisis management in damaged village Khajeh Asgar, a survey was carried out to examine the consequences and crisis management process. The findings of the study rejected the formed perception of victims particularly their weaknesses, expectations, roles, concerns, and passiveness, and highlighted the efficiencies and potentials of the networks of social relation norms, specifically kinship in local management. It also verified the active role of people and local networks in rescue, relief, primary rehabilitation, clearing debris, provision of basic needs, directing earthquake aid, aiding needy invalid, appropriate and proportionate distribution of materials such as food, tent, sanitation, heat and cool generators, and monitoring and control. Of course, despite the potentials and efficiencies of people and local communities, the level of their participation in rehabilitation of rural dwellings were very low, because decision makings and management were based on the myth of inability and weakness of those who were damaged. Ignoring or low utilization of local human and environmental potentials caused the considerable rise of the costs and growth of social anomies. The lack of attention to the nature of social trust that has a local structure and relies on local and familiar culture of kinship and attachment of ownership, wealth and livelihood caused the raise of social and normative conflicts in social structure.

http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59255_fef087ff27dd2875eeb8c2498615602b.pdf