Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI)Village and Development1563-332215420180314An Examination of Pricing and Non-Pricing Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Iranâs Agricultural SectorAn Examination of Pricing and Non-Pricing Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Iranâs Agricultural Sector1225910210.30490/rvt.2018.59102FAJournal Article20180314 The objective of the present study is to apply an ordinary least square technique to a data set of the period 1968-2007 to examine effective pricing and non- pricing determinants of total factor productivity in Iran’s agricultural sector. An index for total factor productivity is estimated by application of Cobb-Douglas production function. The results indicate that non-pricing determinants, excluding economic efficiency, have positive and significant relationship with total factor productivity; while Inflation rate, and the dummy variable representing drought have significant and negative relationship with total factor productivity. The impact of exchange policies on the mentioned productivity is positive but statistically insignificant. Macroeconomic policies can influence the growth of total factor productivity through the change of price factors in parallel with non-price factors. The objective of the present study is to apply an ordinary least square technique to a data set of the period 1968-2007 to examine effective pricing and non- pricing determinants of total factor productivity in Iran’s agricultural sector. An index for total factor productivity is estimated by application of Cobb-Douglas production function. The results indicate that non-pricing determinants, excluding economic efficiency, have positive and significant relationship with total factor productivity; while Inflation rate, and the dummy variable representing drought have significant and negative relationship with total factor productivity. The impact of exchange policies on the mentioned productivity is positive but statistically insignificant. Macroeconomic policies can influence the growth of total factor productivity through the change of price factors in parallel with non-price factors. http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59102_540ce18c23a1eeda445745182c4ab285.pdfAgricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI)Village and Development1563-332215420180314The Barriers to Optimal Management of Water Resources in Iranâs Agricultural SystemThe Barriers to Optimal Management of Water Resources in Iranâs Agricultural System23415910310.30490/rvt.2018.59103FAJournal Article20180314 Irrigation water is a necessary source for production and livelihood activities for households. Establishing a balance between consumption demand for water and its supply is always necessary to ensure the adequacy of water for agriculture, sustainable management of irrigation system and provision of water for other requirements. The present study applies descriptive and inferential statistics to achieve the objectives of the study. 350 producers are selected from 6 areas. The barriers to optimal management of water resources can be counted as economic, financial, planning, extension and educational factors. The factors can explain 40.56 percent of the variance in dependent variable. Irrigation water is a necessary source for production and livelihood activities for households. Establishing a balance between consumption demand for water and its supply is always necessary to ensure the adequacy of water for agriculture, sustainable management of irrigation system and provision of water for other requirements. The present study applies descriptive and inferential statistics to achieve the objectives of the study. 350 producers are selected from 6 areas. The barriers to optimal management of water resources can be counted as economic, financial, planning, extension and educational factors. The factors can explain 40.56 percent of the variance in dependent variable.http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59103_fe510a56d595b873d814beaefe60abd9.pdfAgricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI)Village and Development1563-332215420180314Participation of Rural People in Reconstruction of Earthquake-Stricken Villages of Bam CountyParticipation of Rural People in Reconstruction of Earthquake-Stricken Villages of Bam County43625910410.30490/rvt.2018.59104FAJournal Article20180314 The present study is an applied research and statistical population consists of all the rural heads of household in areas stricken by earthquake in Bam county, from which a sample size of 156 is selected by multi stage proportionate to size sampling method. The data is collected by a questionnaire and its reliability is analyzed by Cronbach's . The results indicate significant and positive relationship between the levels of participation as dependent variable, and age, education, primary and secondary occupations, work experience, being a model farmer, membership in village council, income from agriculture, incentives, and village council activities. Also, the dependent variable has positive and significant relationship with damage extent, number of the family members lost in the earthquake and the trust of earthquake victims to those in charge of reconstruction. The present study is an applied research and statistical population consists of all the rural heads of household in areas stricken by earthquake in Bam county, from which a sample size of 156 is selected by multi stage proportionate to size sampling method. The data is collected by a questionnaire and its reliability is analyzed by Cronbach's . The results indicate significant and positive relationship between the levels of participation as dependent variable, and age, education, primary and secondary occupations, work experience, being a model farmer, membership in village council, income from agriculture, incentives, and village council activities. Also, the dependent variable has positive and significant relationship with damage extent, number of the family members lost in the earthquake and the trust of earthquake victims to those in charge of reconstruction. http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59104_ed91ddfebfceb0a4a82726f11a6046e1.pdfAgricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI)Village and Development1563-332215420180314An Evaluation of the Impacts of Extension Training on Rural Households: The Case of Faridan County Livestock Breeders, Esfahan ProvinceAn Evaluation of the Impacts of Extension Training on Rural Households: The Case of Faridan County Livestock Breeders, Esfahan Province63895910510.30490/rvt.2018.59105FAJournal Article20180314 The purpose of the present study is to identify the impacts of extension trainings on rural households and livestock breeders; the study is a quasi experiment evaluation research, which is carried out in Faridan county of Esfahan province in 2004. The required data are collected from a samples size of 262 from control and experiment groups. The results indicate that extension trainings can promote the level of information, job awareness, level of skills, application of modern livestock breeding, social participation and collective actions. The trainees believe that the trainings have positive impacts on the promotion of their creativity and innovation, general and professional information, management and self-confidence. The study recommends the raising of the time devoted to extension trainings in an organized and consolidated program, the provision of sufficient financial resources for the implementation of the program, more attention to women and their training, and the application of purpose – oriented evaluation model for the assessment of extension trainings. The purpose of the present study is to identify the impacts of extension trainings on rural households and livestock breeders; the study is a quasi experiment evaluation research, which is carried out in Faridan county of Esfahan province in 2004. The required data are collected from a samples size of 262 from control and experiment groups. The results indicate that extension trainings can promote the level of information, job awareness, level of skills, application of modern livestock breeding, social participation and collective actions. The trainees believe that the trainings have positive impacts on the promotion of their creativity and innovation, general and professional information, management and self-confidence. The study recommends the raising of the time devoted to extension trainings in an organized and consolidated program, the provision of sufficient financial resources for the implementation of the program, more attention to women and their training, and the application of purpose – oriented evaluation model for the assessment of extension trainings.http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59105_829aee3f205ecc9965da7be3758f8ed6.pdfAgricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI)Village and Development1563-332215420180314Role of Indigenous Knowledge in the Conservation of Soil and Water Resources: Farmersâ Perspective - A Case Study of Khoresh Rostam Districit, Khalkhal CountyRole of Indigenous Knowledge in the Conservation of Soil and Water Resources: Farmersâ Perspective - A Case Study of Khoresh Rostam Districit, Khalkhal County911145910610.30490/rvt.2018.59106FAJournal Article20180314 Indigenous knowledge is the accomplishment of a community over the lifetime of its generation in a particular environment and enables the community to achieve sustainable livelihood in its environment. The present study is a survey that explores, describes and analyses the role of indigenous knowledge in conservation of soil and water resources in rural areas of Khoresh Rostam districit in Khalkhal county. Data are collected from related documents, field observation, interview and questionnaire, and Chi Square test is applied to it. The results indicate that the studied area is endowed with rich soil and water resources. Rural people identify and employ indigenous and local mechanisms for the conservation of water and soil. These mechanisms have significant impacts on optimal management of soil and water resources. Indigenous knowledge is the accomplishment of a community over the lifetime of its generation in a particular environment and enables the community to achieve sustainable livelihood in its environment. The present study is a survey that explores, describes and analyses the role of indigenous knowledge in conservation of soil and water resources in rural areas of Khoresh Rostam districit in Khalkhal county. Data are collected from related documents, field observation, interview and questionnaire, and Chi Square test is applied to it. The results indicate that the studied area is endowed with rich soil and water resources. Rural people identify and employ indigenous and local mechanisms for the conservation of water and soil. These mechanisms have significant impacts on optimal management of soil and water resources. http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59106_9a4e19be531cae41596cb24482ebe4c3.pdfAgricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI)Village and Development1563-332215420180314Attitudes of Rural Youth towards Employment in Agricultural Sector: The Case of Gonbad-e Kavous CountyAttitudes of Rural Youth towards Employment in Agricultural Sector: The Case of Gonbad-e Kavous County1151365910710.30490/rvt.2018.59107FAJournal Article20180314Rural youth has a significant share from active population seeking employment. Agricultural sector has considerable potential, and with the possession of appropriate conditions can attract labor force and prevent uncontrolled migration to urban areas, where unemployment is highly prevalent. The present study is an attempt to examine the attitudes of rural youth to employment in agricultural sector in Gonbad-e Kavous county. The study is a descriptive/correlation survey. The statistical population consists of 39057 rural youth of the county in 2011 from which a sample size of 347 is selected by a stratified proportionate to size technique. More than half of the respondents evaluate residence in rural areas as desirable. Correlation results indicate that age, level of education, desirability of village residence and entrepreneurial spirit among rural youth have significant and positive relationships with the attitude of rural youth. The attitude of women and men varies significantly. Also, the attitudes of those with previous experience in entrepreneurial initiative differ significantly from those with no experience. Multivariate regression analysis reveals that entrepreneur characteristics such as ambiguity tolerance, challenging personality, and pragmatism can explain the variance in dependent variable.Rural youth has a significant share from active population seeking employment. Agricultural sector has considerable potential, and with the possession of appropriate conditions can attract labor force and prevent uncontrolled migration to urban areas, where unemployment is highly prevalent. The present study is an attempt to examine the attitudes of rural youth to employment in agricultural sector in Gonbad-e Kavous county. The study is a descriptive/correlation survey. The statistical population consists of 39057 rural youth of the county in 2011 from which a sample size of 347 is selected by a stratified proportionate to size technique. More than half of the respondents evaluate residence in rural areas as desirable. Correlation results indicate that age, level of education, desirability of village residence and entrepreneurial spirit among rural youth have significant and positive relationships with the attitude of rural youth. The attitude of women and men varies significantly. Also, the attitudes of those with previous experience in entrepreneurial initiative differ significantly from those with no experience. Multivariate regression analysis reveals that entrepreneur characteristics such as ambiguity tolerance, challenging personality, and pragmatism can explain the variance in dependent variable.http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59107_084a98ad13afbf5a1067b67132905483.pdfAgricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI)Village and Development1563-332215420180314Factors Affecting Rural Women Participation in the Conservation of Agricultural Water Resources:Factors Affecting Rural Women Participation in the Conservation of Agricultural Water Resources:1371545910810.30490/rvt.2018.59108FAJournal Article20180314The women position is undeniable in sustainable development and conservation of water resources particularly in rural areas. The present study is an attempt to analyze the role of women in proper consumption of agricultural water resources. The study applies two separate logit models to a set of data that is collected by a questionnaire from a sample size of 300 rural women in Khorasan Razavi province; in addition 35 questionnaires are collected from the experts in the field. The study is a survey and the results indicate that rural women are not very active in irrigation, due to cultural belief prevalent in the area, task difficulty, and unfamiliarity with the task. It is necessary to introduce rural women to water conservation techniques since they have an indirect impact on their family members and those around them. Finally, appropriate and practical solutions will be discussed.The women position is undeniable in sustainable development and conservation of water resources particularly in rural areas. The present study is an attempt to analyze the role of women in proper consumption of agricultural water resources. The study applies two separate logit models to a set of data that is collected by a questionnaire from a sample size of 300 rural women in Khorasan Razavi province; in addition 35 questionnaires are collected from the experts in the field. The study is a survey and the results indicate that rural women are not very active in irrigation, due to cultural belief prevalent in the area, task difficulty, and unfamiliarity with the task. It is necessary to introduce rural women to water conservation techniques since they have an indirect impact on their family members and those around them. Finally, appropriate and practical solutions will be discussed.http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59108_67d6e2e2005aba18289fbf1680da1c53.pdfAgricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI)Village and Development1563-332215420180314Social Problems of Seine Fishermen and Affecting FactorsSocial Problems of Seine Fishermen and Affecting Factors1551765910910.30490/rvt.2018.59109FAJournal Article20180314The present study identifies and analyses social problems of fishermen working with seine cooperatives in Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan provinces in 2009. To this end, a literature review is carried out to configure the formation of social problems and study framework. The model is assessed by a data set collected through interviewing 53 cooperatives’ managing directors and 106 fishermen. The results reveal insurance as the main problem facing fishermen which is affected by the type of work in the cooperative, the quality of connecting road, the place of fishing, number of children, the education level of the board of directors' chairman, the education level of managing directors, the duration of living in the present residence and age. Totally, the mentioned variables can explain 42 percent of changes in dependent variable, i.e. fishermen insurance.The present study identifies and analyses social problems of fishermen working with seine cooperatives in Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan provinces in 2009. To this end, a literature review is carried out to configure the formation of social problems and study framework. The model is assessed by a data set collected through interviewing 53 cooperatives’ managing directors and 106 fishermen. The results reveal insurance as the main problem facing fishermen which is affected by the type of work in the cooperative, the quality of connecting road, the place of fishing, number of children, the education level of the board of directors' chairman, the education level of managing directors, the duration of living in the present residence and age. Totally, the mentioned variables can explain 42 percent of changes in dependent variable, i.e. fishermen insurance.http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59109_925dde2b73fbe6cf603f82426b4b6623.pdfAgricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI)Village and Development1563-33221542018031417718359110FAJournal Article20180314http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59110_61456bf09a1b69088ed24cdfb39c004b.pdfAgricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI)Village and Development1563-33221542018031418519759111FAJournal Article20180314http://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59111_8f760a47611a6bcba9cf971b5f7bcc5b.pdf