Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI) Village and Development 1563-3322 28 2 2025 08 23 Examining the Factors Affecting Attitudes towards Multiple Children among Women and Men in Rural Sistan Examining the Factors Affecting Attitudes towards Multiple Children among Women and Men in Rural Sistan 1 20 132190 10.30490/rvt.2025.367309.1632 FA M. Mohammadghasemi Corresponding Author and Assistant Professor of Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Zabol, Iran M. Palouj Associate Professor, Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI), Tehran, Iran M. Naderianfar Ph.D Rural Planning, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Zabol, Iran Journal Article 2024 11 03 Abstract Introduction The declining fertility rate in Iran poses a significant demographic challenge. Understanding fertility patterns in different regions, particularly rural areas like Sistan, can shed light on the factors influencing this trend. This study aims to analyze the socioeconomic and cultural factors influencing family size and migration in rural Sistan. Data was collected through questionnaires and direct observation from 105 randomly selected women and men aged 18-65 in Sistan villages in 2023. Statistical analysis using logistic regression models revealed that higher income levels and male employment were associated with a higher number of children. Religious beliefs and practices also played a significant role in fertility decisions, while age and female employment were negative predictors for having more children. Materials and Methods This descriptive study collected data through questionnaires covering economic and sociocultural dimensions. Results and Discussion The study investigated the relationship between income levels, male and female employment, and fertility rates in rural Sistan. The findings highlighted the complex interplay between these factors and their impact on population trends. Conclusions The analysis showed a positive correlation between income levels, male employment, and fertility rates. Religious beliefs and practices were also influential in family size decisions. However, women's age and employment were negatively correlated with having more children. Addressing these factors is crucial to prevent population decline and sustain rural communities in Sistan. Abstract Introduction The declining fertility rate in Iran poses a significant demographic challenge. Understanding fertility patterns in different regions, particularly rural areas like Sistan, can shed light on the factors influencing this trend. This study aims to analyze the socioeconomic and cultural factors influencing family size and migration in rural Sistan. Data was collected through questionnaires and direct observation from 105 randomly selected women and men aged 18-65 in Sistan villages in 2023. Statistical analysis using logistic regression models revealed that higher income levels and male employment were associated with a higher number of children. Religious beliefs and practices also played a significant role in fertility decisions, while age and female employment were negative predictors for having more children. Materials and Methods This descriptive study collected data through questionnaires covering economic and sociocultural dimensions. Results and Discussion The study investigated the relationship between income levels, male and female employment, and fertility rates in rural Sistan. The findings highlighted the complex interplay between these factors and their impact on population trends. Conclusions The analysis showed a positive correlation between income levels, male employment, and fertility rates. Religious beliefs and practices were also influential in family size decisions. However, women's age and employment were negatively correlated with having more children. Addressing these factors is crucial to prevent population decline and sustain rural communities in Sistan.

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